Nonlinear Finite Element Modeling of Delamination Crack Growth Process                between Belts of a Radial Tire

Feng, Xi‐Qiao; Yan, Xiangqiao; Wei, Yintao; Du, Xi

doi:10.1177/0731684404031495

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…By the way, it is pointed out that this study is a part of our effort to apply finite element analysis techniques in tire modeling in order to develop the high performance tires. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Numerical Modeling of Dynamic Curing Process of Tire by Finite Element

Yan

2007

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:In this paper, a simulator for the tire curing processes is developed based on the finite element method of an axisymmetric heat transfer problem for composite materials. The anisotropy of heat transfer properties of composite materials, the dependence of properties of rubber compounds on the temperature and/or the extent of cure, the time-varying boundary conditions which include the cooldown of the tire out of the press and the rigorous cure kinetic models are taken into account. The numerical simulation results of a truck tire curing process show that the simulator successfully describes the variation trends in temperature and in state of cure with the tire curing process. It also serves as the core module of an optimization algorithm, which is being developed for the tire curing and rubber formulation designs. The curing process is the final step in tire manufacturing whereby a green tire built from layers of rubber compounds and fiber/rubber composites is formed to the desired shape in a press. A schematic cross section of a dome-type cure press is shown in Figure 1. In the press, heat is transferred to the green tire from the mold and the bladder, which are kept at higher temperatures by circulated cure media like steam, hot water, etc. The transferred heat provokes the curing reaction of the rubber compounds, thus converting the compounds to a strong, elastic material to meet tire performance needs.The curing process is energy consuming and has a strong effect on the product quality. Major operating variables are the conditions of the supplied media, which are to be varied according to prescribed cure steps. To optimize the cure steps for different compounds of various dimensions requires proper evaluation of the time-dependent temperature distribution of various compounds in the tires. The conventional method is to directly measure the temperature-time profiles using thermocouples inserted into various parts of a green tire and then to convert the measured profiles to the state of cure (SOC). But this method is costly and very time-consuming, hence as an alternative, an effective computer simulator of the process has been sought by this industry. 8 Several studies have been reported on the numerical simulation of tire curing processes. Ambelang and Prentice 3 outlined a finite difference technique for calculating the state of cure in a vulcanizing tire, but they assumed constant thermal diffusivity, constant rate of heat generation due to vulcanization, and constant boundary conditions. The capability of their model was somewhat extended by Prentice and Williams 4 by considering temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, chemical generated heat production as a function of temperature and the SOC, and time varying boundary conditions. But it was still assumed that the tire consists of uniform material. Another approach based on the finite difference method was reported by Schlanger 5 who developed a one-dimensional model, which reduced a complex tire section to a quasi-equivalent slab.Taking int...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Numerical Modeling of Dynamic Curing Process of Tire by Finite Element

Yan

2007

Polym J

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Haul truck tire dynamics due to tire condition

Anzabi

Nobes

Lipsett

2012

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Finite Element Modeling for Steel Cord Analysis in Radial Tires

Wei¹,

Luo²,

Yiming³

et al. 2013

Tire Science and Technology

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This article focuses on steel cord deformation and force investigation within heavy-duty radial tires. Typical bending deformation and tension force distributions of steel reinforcement within a truck bus radial (TBR) tire have been obtained, and they provide useful input for the local scale modeling of the steel cord. The three-dimensional carpet plots of the cord force distribution within a TBR tire are presented. The carcass-bending curvature is derived from the deformation of the carcass center line. A high-efficiency modeling approach for layered multistrand cord structures has been developed that uses cord design variables such as lay angle, lay length, and radius of the strand center line as input. Several types of steel cord have been modeled using the developed method as an example. The pure tension for two cords and the combined tension bending under various loading conditions relevant to tire deformation have been simulated by a finite element analysis (FEA). Good agreement has been found between experimental and FEA-determined tension force-displacement curves, and the characteristic structural and plastic deformation phases have been revealed by the FE simulation. Furthermore, some interesting local stress and deformation patterns under combined tension and bending are found that have not been previously reported. In addition, an experimental cord force measurement approach is included in this article.

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Nonlinear Finite Element Modeling of Delamination Crack Growth Process between Belts of a Radial Tire

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

A Numerical Modeling of Dynamic Curing Process of Tire by Finite Element

A Numerical Modeling of Dynamic Curing Process of Tire by Finite Element

Haul truck tire dynamics due to tire condition

Finite Element Modeling for Steel Cord Analysis in Radial Tires

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