Nonlinear intensity dependence of edge photocurrents in graphene induced by terahertz radiation

Candussio, S.; Golub, L. E.; Bernreuter, S.; Jötten, T.; Rockinger, T.; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Eroms, Jonathan; Weiss, Dieter; Ganichev, Sergey

doi:10.1103/physrevb.104.155404

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…For the studied range of radiation intensities absorption bleaching is indeed the most favorable nonlinear process for both absorption mechanisms [50,52,53], because other effects, which may cause the nonlinear absorption, such as e.g. the two-photon absorption, require much higher intensities to yield a contribution comparable with the one-photon absorption channel [50]. The bleaching of the Drude-like radiation absorption in monolayer graphene has recently been observed by means of nonlinear ultrafast [55] and nonlinear photogalvanic THz spectroscopy [50].…”

Section: A Nonlinear Photogalvanic Currentmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The sample temperature has been controllably varied by using an optical continuous flow cryostat, which allowed to tune the temperature between liquid helium temperature and room temperature. The radiation intensity was modified using a crossed polarizer setup [49,50] and the radiation electric field was varied using half-and quarterwave plates, see Ref. [51].…”

Section: Samples and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 3(a) shows that for most gate voltages the photocurrent saturates with increasing radiation intensity. For the studied range of radiation intensities absorption bleaching is indeed the most favorable nonlinear process for both absorption mechanisms [50,52,53], because other effects, which may cause the nonlinear absorption, such as e.g. the two-photon absorption, require much higher intensities to yield a contribution comparable with the one-photon absorption channel [50].…”

Section: A Nonlinear Photogalvanic Currentmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…the two-photon absorption, require much higher intensities to yield a contribution comparable with the one-photon absorption channel [50]. The bleaching of the Drude-like radiation absorption in monolayer graphene has recently been observed by means of nonlinear ultrafast [55] and nonlinear photogalvanic THz spectroscopy [50]. The range of radiation frequencies (0.4-1.2 THz) and electric fields (2 -100 kV cm −2 ) used in these studies are similar to that used in our work.…”

Section: A Nonlinear Photogalvanic Currentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Absorption and photogalvanic current saturation for direct optical transitions have been theoretically and experimentally studied in monolayer graphene, see Ref. [50], respectively. The theory developed for the Dirac energy dispersion yields that at high intensities the absorption varies with the radiation intensity as [56,57]…”

Section: A Nonlinear Photogalvanic Currentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Nonlinear intensity dependence of photogalvanics and photoconductance induced by terahertz laser radiation in twisted bilayer graphene close to magic angle

Hubmann¹,

Soul²,

Battista³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Section: A Nonlinear Photogalvanic Currentmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Samples and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Nonlinear Photogalvanic Currentmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: A Nonlinear Photogalvanic Currentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Nonlinear Photogalvanic Currentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Nonlinear intensity dependence of photogalvanics and photoconductance induced by terahertz laser radiation in twisted bilayer graphene close to magic angle

Hubmann¹,

Soul²,

Battista³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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Nonlinear intensity dependence of ratchet currents induced by terahertz laser radiation in bilayer graphene with asymmetric periodic grating gates

Mönch,

Hubmann,

Yahniuk

et al. 2023

Journal of Applied Physics

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We report on the observation of a nonlinear intensity dependence of the terahertz radiation-induced ratchet effects in bilayer graphene with asymmetric dual-grating gate lateral lattices. These nonlinear ratchet currents are studied in structures of two designs with dual-grating gates fabricated on top of boron nitride encapsulated bilayer graphene and beneath it. The strength and sign of the photocurrent can be controllably varied by changing the bias voltages applied to individual dual-grating subgates and the back gate. The current consists of contributions insensitive to the radiation’s polarization state, defined by the orientation of the radiation electric field vector with respect to the dual-grating gate metal stripes, and the circular ratchet sensitive to the radiation helicity. We show that intense terahertz radiation results in a nonlinear intensity dependence caused by electron gas heating. At room temperature, the ratchet current saturates at high intensities of the order of hundreds to several hundreds of kW cm−2. At T=4 K, the nonlinearity manifests itself at intensities that are one or two orders of magnitude lower; moreover, the photoresponse exhibits a complex dependence on the intensity, including a saturation and even a change of sign with increasing intensity. This complexity is attributed to the interplay of the Seebeck ratchet and the dynamic carrier-density redistribution, which feature different intensity dependencies and nonlinear behavior of the sample’s conductivity induced by electron gas heating. The latter is demonstrated by studying the THz photoconductivity. Our study demonstrates that graphene-based asymmetric dual-grating gate devices can be used as terahertz detectors at room temperature over a wide dynamic range, spanning many orders of magnitude of terahertz radiation power. Therefore, their integration together with current-driven read-out electronics is attractive for the operation with high-power pulsed sources.

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Superlinear Photogalvanic Effects in (Bi0.3Sb0.7)2(Te
Danilov
¹
,
Golub
²
,
Mayer
³

et al. 2021
Phys. Rev. Applied
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17
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0
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We report on the observation of a complex nonlinear intensity dependence of the circular and linear photogalvanic currents induced by infrared radiation in compensated (Bi 0.3 Sb 0.7 ) 2 (Te 0.1 Se 0.9 ) 3 threedimensional topological insulators. The photocurrents are induced by direct optical transitions between topological surface and bulk states. We show that an increase in the radiation intensity results first in a highly superlinear rise in the amplitude of both types of photocurrents, whereas at higher intensities the photocurrent saturates. Our analysis of the observed nonlinearities shows that the superlinear behavior of the photocurrents is caused by heating of the electron gas, while the saturation is induced by slow relaxation of the photoexcited carriers, resulting in absorbance bleaching. The observed nonlinearities give access to the Fermi-level position with respect to the Dirac point and the energy relaxation times of Dirac fermions, providing an experimental room-temperature probe of topological surface states.

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Nonlinear intensity dependence of edge photocurrents in graphene induced by terahertz radiation

Cited by 15 publications

References 60 publications

Nonlinear intensity dependence of photogalvanics and photoconductance induced by terahertz laser radiation in twisted bilayer graphene close to magic angle

Nonlinear intensity dependence of photogalvanics and photoconductance induced by terahertz laser radiation in twisted bilayer graphene close to magic angle

Nonlinear intensity dependence of ratchet currents induced by terahertz laser radiation in bilayer graphene with asymmetric periodic grating gates

Superlinear Photogalvanic Effects in (Bi0.3Sb0.7)2(Te
Danilov
¹
,
Golub
²
,
Mayer
³

et al. 2021
Phys. Rev. Applied
Self Cite
17
0
5
0
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Nonlinear intensity dependence of edge photocurrents in graphene induced by terahertz radiation

Cited by 15 publications

References 60 publications

Nonlinear intensity dependence of photogalvanics and photoconductance induced by terahertz laser radiation in twisted bilayer graphene close to magic angle

Nonlinear intensity dependence of photogalvanics and photoconductance induced by terahertz laser radiation in twisted bilayer graphene close to magic angle

Nonlinear intensity dependence of ratchet currents induced by terahertz laser radiation in bilayer graphene with asymmetric periodic grating gates

Superlinear Photogalvanic Effects in (Bi0.3Sb0.7)2(TeDanilov1, Golub2, Mayer3 et al. 2021Phys. Rev. AppliedSelf Cite17050View full textAdd to dashboardCite

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Superlinear Photogalvanic Effects in (Bi0.3Sb0.7)2(Te
Danilov
¹
,
Golub
²
,
Mayer
³

et al. 2021
Phys. Rev. Applied
Self Cite
17
0
5
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite