Nonlinear Internal Wave Evolution in the Sulu Sea

Liu, Antony K.; Holbrook, James R.; Apel, John R.

doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1985)015<1613:niweit>2.0.co;2

Cited by 135 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…The previously observed solitons which are most similar to the SCS solitons in terms of their latitude and basin configuration are the Sulu Sea solitons [26], [35]. The Sulu Sea solitons are generated by flow over a shallow sill (200 m depth) between Pearl Bank and Doc Can Island separating the Sulu and Celebes Seas.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Locationsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Of all the major sea-going internal wave studies to date, the one most closely resembling the ASIAEX configuration was the Sulu Sea study conducted during May 1980 from the R/V OCEANOGRAPHER [26], [35]. The season, stratification, longitude, and basin configuration together allowed the waves to travel great distances over deep water before shoaling on the other side, and were all quite similar to the situation presented in the northeastern South China Sea.…”

Section: E Internal Wavesmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The KdV solution for instance produces wave amplitudes which continue to grow as the water shoals, whereas the EKdV result provides amplitudes which first grow but then diminish in accordance with the observations. Two-dimensional horizontal solutions (x, y, z) are required to understand wave refraction by topography and radial spreading [35], [36]. This paper will consider observational results from a single linear mooring line approximately normal to the continental shelf break and will not attempt to address the two-dimensional results.…”

Section: E Internal Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper will consider observational results from a single linear mooring line approximately normal to the continental shelf break and will not attempt to address the two-dimensional results. Ultimately, the wave energy must be dissipated on the Chinese continental shelf via friction, refraction, wave breaking, and radial spreading [27], [35], [37]. These processes are better described by the ASIAEX Low-Cost (LOCO) Moorings located further onshore and are the focus of other ASIAEX papers [2], [4].…”

Section: E Internal Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Internal Solitons in the Northeastern South China Sea Part I: Sources and Deep Water Propagation

Ramp

Tang²,

Duda³

et al. 2004

IEEE J. Oceanic Eng.

344

321

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Abstract-A moored array of current, temperature, conductivity, and pressure sensors was deployed across the Chinese continental shelf and slope in support of the Asian Seas International Acoustics Experiment. The goal of the observations was to quantify the water column variability in order to understand the along-and across-shore low-frequency acoustic propagation in shallow water. The moorings were deployed from April 21-May 19, 2001 and sampled at 1-5 min intervals to capture the full range of temporal variability without aliasing the internal wave field. The dominant oceanographic signal by far was in fact the highly nonlinear internal waves (or solitons) which were generated near the Batan Islands in the Luzon Strait and propagated 485 km across deep water to the observation region. Dubbed trans-basin waves, to distinguish them from other, smaller nonlinear waves generated locally near the shelf break, these waves had amplitudes ranging from 29 to greater than 140 m and were among the largest such waves ever observed in the world's oceans. The waves arrived at the most offshore mooring in two clusters lasting 7-8 days each separated by five days when no waves were observed. Within each cluster, two types of waves arrived which have been named type-a and type-b. The type-a waves had greater amplitude than the type-b waves and arrived with remarkable regularity at the same time each day, 24 h apart. The type-b waves were weaker than the type-a waves, arrived an hour later each day, and generally consisted of a single soliton growing out of the center of the wave packet. Comparison with modeled barotropic tides from the generation region revealed that: 1) The two clusters were generated around the time of the spring tides in the Luzon strait; and 2) The type-a waves were generated on the strong side of the diurnal inequality while the type-b waves were generated on the weaker beat. The position of the Kuroshio intrusion into the Luzon Strait may modulate the strength of the waves being produced. As the waves shoaled, the huge lead solitons first split into two solitons then merged together into a broad region of thermocline depression at depths less than 120 m. Elevation waves sprang up behind them as they continued to propagate onshore. The elevation waves also grew out of regions where the locally-generated internal tide forced the main thermocline down near the bottom. The "critical T. Y. Tang is with the Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, ROC.H. point" where the upper and lower layers were equal was a good indicator of when the depression or elevation waves would form, however this was not a static point, but rather varied in both space and time according to the presence or absence of the internal tides and the incoming trans-basin waves themselves.

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Section: Comparison With Other Locationsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: E Internal Wavesmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: E Internal Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E Internal Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Internal Solitons in the Northeastern South China Sea Part I: Sources and Deep Water Propagation

Ramp

Tang²,

Duda³

et al. 2004

IEEE J. Oceanic Eng.

344

321

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A solitary wave theory that describes the evolution of nonlinear internal waves has been developed and expanded to include effects of vertical shear, variable bottom topography, radial spreading, and dissipation by Liu et al [1985] for the Sulu Sea internal soliton study lapel et al, 1985]. Internal solitary waves on a shelf with shoaling effects have been studied by Liu [1988] in the New York Bight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of nonlinear internal waves in the East and South China Seas

Liu¹,

Chang²,

Hsu³

et al. 1998

J. Geophys. Res.

Self Cite

385

283

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Abstract. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images from ERS-1 have been used to study the characteristics of internal waves northeast and south of Taiwan in the East China Sea, and east of Hainan Island in the South China Sea. Rank-ordered packets of internal solitons propagating shoreward from the edge of the continental shelf were observed in the SAR images. On the basis of the assumption of a semidiurnal tidal origin, the wave speed can be estimated and is consistent with the internal wave theory. By using the SAR images and hydrographic data, internal waves of elevation have been identified in shallow water by a thicker mixed layer as compared with the bottom layer on the continental shelf. The generation mechanism includes the influences of the tide and the Kuroshio intrusion

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Generation and Propagation of Nonlinear Internal Waves in Sheared Currents Over the Washington Continental Shelf

2018

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The generation, propagation, and dissipation of nonlinear internal waves (NLIW) in sheared background currents is examined using 7 days of shipboard microstructure surveys and two moorings on the continental shelf offshore of Washington state. Surveys near the hypothesized generation region show semi‐diurnal (D2) energy flux is onshore and that the ratio of energy flux to group speed times energy ( F/cgE) increases sharply at the shelf break, suggesting that the incident D2 internal tide is partially reflected and partially transmitted. NLIW appear at an inshore mooring at the leading edge of the onshore phase of the baroclinic tide, consistent with nonlinear transformation of the shoaling internal tide as their generation mechanism. Of the D2 energy flux observed at the eastern extent of the generation region (133 ± 18 Wm−1), approximately 30% goes into the NLIW observed inshore (36 ± 11 Wm−1). Inshore of the moorings, 7 waves are tracked into shallow (30‐40 m) water, where a vertically sheared, southward current becomes strong. As train‐like waves propagate onshore, wave amplitudes of 25‐30 m and energies of 5 MJ decrease to 12 m and 10 kJ, respectively. The observed direction of propagation rotates from 30° N of E to ∼30° S of E in the strongly sheared region. Linear ray tracing using the Taylor‐Goldstein equation to incorporate parallel shear effects accounts for only a small portion of the observed rotation, suggesting that three‐dimensionality of the wave crests and the background currents is important here.

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Nonlinear Internal Wave Evolution in the Sulu Sea

Cited by 135 publications

References 0 publications

Internal Solitons in the Northeastern South China Sea Part I: Sources and Deep Water Propagation

Internal Solitons in the Northeastern South China Sea Part I: Sources and Deep Water Propagation

Evolution of nonlinear internal waves in the East and South China Seas

Generation and Propagation of Nonlinear Internal Waves in Sheared Currents Over the Washington Continental Shelf

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