Nonlinear magnetoelectric effect in a ring composite heterostructure

Abstract

Objectives. The relevance of the study of magnetoelectric (ME) effect in ring ferromagnetic–piezoelectric heterostructures is due to the possibility of creating various ME devices having improved characteristics. A detailed investigation of the nonlinear ME effect in a ring composite heterostructure based on lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoceramics and Metglas® amorphous ferromagnetic (FM) alloy under circular magnetization is presented.Methods. The ME effect was measured by the low-frequency magnetic field modulation method. Excitation alternating- and constant magnetic bias fields were created using toroidal coils wound on a ring heterostructure for circular magnetization of the FM layer.Results. When excited with circular magnetic fields in a non-resonant mode, the ME ring heterostructure generates a nonlinear ME voltage of higher harmonics. The field and amplitude dependencies of the first three ME voltage harmonics were investigated. ME coefficients were obtained for the linear ME effect α(1) = 5.2 mV/(Oe·cm), the nonlinear ME effect α(2) = 6 mV/(Oe2·cm), and α(3) = 0.15 mV/(Oe3·cm) at an excitation magnetic field frequency f = 1 kHz. The maximum amplitudes of the 1st and 3rd harmonics were observed at a constant bias magnetic field H ~ 7 Oe, which is almost two times smaller than in planar PZT–Metglas® heterostructures.Conclusions. A nonlinear ME effect was observed and investigated in a ring heterostructure based on PZT piezoceramics and Metglas® amorphous FM alloy. Due to the absence of demagnetization during circular magnetization of the closed FM layer, nonlinear ME effects are detected at significantly lower amplitudes of the exciting alternating and constant bias magnetic fields as compared to planar heterostructures. The investigated ring heterostructures are of potential use in the creation of frequency multipliers.

Magnetoelectric effect in a Metglas–langatate ring heterostructure for current sensing

“…A circumferential ac field and a bias dc field of 0.4 Oe were generated using a toroidal coil wound on the structure. Finally, in a Metglas/PZT ring structure, the effective generation of voltage harmonics was observed when the structure was excited by a circumferential field at a resonance frequency of 54 kHz in the absence of a bias dc field [16]. These investigations demonstrate the promise of using circumferentially magnetized ring structures, in which there are no demagnetization effects, as non-contact current sensors.…”

Resonance magnetoelectric effect in a three-layer non-symmetric ring structure Ni/PZT/Metglas

“…An increase in the ME effect in such structures, as compared with structures containing only nickel or permendur layers, has been demonstrated. It has also been shown that the largest ME effect in ring structures occurs when both the excitation ac magnetic field and the dc bias magnetic field are directed circumfirentially [20,25]. In this case, due to the absence of demagnetization, the maximum ME effect was observed at lower dc bias fields.…”

“…The method of increasing the ME effect described above was implemented in planar composite structures. However, in recent years, interest in studying the ME effect in ringtype heterostructures, consisting of FM and PE layers, has grown significantly [16][17][18][19][20]. Such structures can be used in ac current sensors [21] and electrically tuned inductors [22].…”