Development of a growth factor delivery vehicle providing appropriate
temporal-spatial release together with an appropriate preclinical large animal
model to evaluate bone formation is critical in the development of delivery
strategies for bone tissue regeneration. Smectite nanoclays such as LAPONITE™
possess unique thixotropic and protein retention properties offering promise for
use in growth factor delivery in bone repair and regeneration. This study has
examined bone formation mediated by a clinically approved growth factor delivery
system (InductOs®) in combination with Laponite gel in an aged female ovine
femoral condyle defect preclinical model (10 weeks). Two different designs, one
containing a low volume of Laponite gel (LLG) in combination with the InductOs®
absorbable collagen sponge (ACS), the other in which Laponite gel formed the
implant (HLG), were compared against InductOs® alone and an autograft positive
control. Thus, five groups: (i) empty defect, (ii) autograft, (iii) BMP2 + ACS,
(iv) BMP2 + ACS + LLG and (v) BMP2 + HLG + ACS were examined in 9 mm × 12 mm
defects performed bilaterally in the medial femoral condyles of 24 aged (>5
years) sheep. Bone formation within the defect was assessed using micro-computed
tomography (micro-CT), digital volume correlation (DVC) for biomechanical
characterisation as well as histology. The autograft and InductOs® mediated
enhanced bone formation (
p
< 0001) compared to blank
controls, while no significant differences were observed between the
Laponite/Collagen/BMP delivery vehicles. However, the current study illustrated
the excellent biocompatibility of Laponite and its ability to deliver localised
active BMP-2, with the opportunity for improved efficacy with further
optimisation. Interestingly, DVC-computed strain distributions indicated that
the regenerated bone structure is mechanically adapted to bear external loads
from the early remodelling stages of the bone reparation cascade. The current
studies of selected nanoclay delivery platforms for BMP, assessed in a
clinically relevant large animal model auger well for the development of bone
fracture therapeutics for an ageing population.