Nonlinear modeling of bending-mode magnetoelectric coupling in asymmetric composite structures with magnetization-graded ferromagnetic materials

Abstract

The bending-mode magnetoelectric (ME) coupling in the asymmetric laminate composite with a magnetization-graded ferromagnetic material has been investigated in this paper. Based on the nonlinear constitutive relationships of the magnetostrictive material, the dynamic piezomagnetic models have been presented for magnetostrictive materials after considering the remanence, demagnetization, and flux concentration effects. In addition, the bending-mode resonant ME coupling model is developed based on the proposed dynamic piezomagnetic model, the motion equation of the ME composite, and the ME equivalent circuit method. The composite structures FeCuNbSiB/Ni/PZT with negative magnetostrictive Ni and FeCuNbSiB/FeNi/PZT with positive magnetostrictive FeNi have been used to confirm the validity and reliability of the theoretical model. The theoretical results show that the bending-resonant ME coefficients reasonably agree with the experimental results. This theoretical model is of importance for understanding the bending-mode ME response of the asymmetric structure with magnetization-graded ferromagnetic materials and designing the ME devices.

Self-Biased Bidomain LiNbO3/Ni/Metglas Magnetoelectric Current Sensor

“…It is of interest to discuss the methods for calculating self-biased structures that are known from publications of other authors [ 38 , 39 , 40 ]. In contrast to work [ 38 ], in which the authors use the hypothesis that the electric field strength is independent of the thickness coordinate z , when calculating the flexural mode of the ME effect, in this paper, as in [ 39 ], we used a more justified ratio for the size ratio of the investigated ME composite. Our hypothesis is based on the independence of the electric induction from the thickness coordinate z .…”

“…In [ 39 ], the authors use the method of finite element modeling to find internal magnetic fields in gradient magnetostrictive structures. The finite element modeling method allows obtaining only specific numerical results for given sizes of magnetostrictive phases.…”

“…In deriving (5), following [ 55 , 56 ], the ME voltage coefficient was calculated based on the effective electric field strength obtained by dividing the electric voltage across the piezoelectric phase by the total thickness of the composite t . If the ME composite did not contain nickel, then the pseudo-piezomagnetic coefficient of the Metglas would be given by the formula [ 39 ]: where is the saturation magnetostriction of the Metglas [ 57 ], and where and are the initial magnetic susceptibility and saturation magnetization of the Metglas, respectively.…”

“…Along with the advantages of the considered sensors, their main drawback remained, namely that associated with the need to use a bias field, which is most often created by permanent magnets. This disadvantage was corrected in [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ] by using gradient magnetostrictive–piezoelectric structures, since in this case it is possible to obtain an internal bias field of the composite without external additional devices. In the patent [ 36 ], it is shown that a magnetostrictive-ferroelectric structure with a gradient of magnetization and polarization makes it possible to obtain internal magnetic and electric fields that replace the external bias and polarizing fields.…”

“…Theoretical estimates of ME coefficients at low frequencies and bending modes were compared with the data. Lu C. et al considered [ 39 ] the bending-mode ME coupling in the asymmetric laminate composite with a magnetization-graded ferromagnetic material. They developed the bending-mode resonant ME coupling model based on the proposed dynamic piezomagnetic model, the motion equation of the ME composite, and the ME equivalent circuit method.…”