Nonlinear-optical properties of lead–tin fluorophosphate glass containing acridine dyes

Abstract

A new nonlinear-optical material based on lead-tin fluorophosphate glass doped with the organic dyes Acridine Orange and Acridine Yellow has been developed. These materials are saturable absorbers characterized by saturation intensities of-100 mW cm-2 , response times of-1 msec, and third-order nonlinear susceptibilities of-0.1 esu. The low melting temperature of the lead-tin fluorophosphate glass permits doping with many organic dyes without causing their decomposition. p, Tg, at, and nD are typically 4.4 g cm-3 , 50 0 C, 35 X 10-6°C-i, and 1.90, respectively. A more restricted region of composition space with a lead content from 3 to 6 cation % and a tin content from 40 to 60 cation % yields exceptional durability. In a water immersion test at 501C for 24 h, dissolution rates in these compositions can be less than 1 mg cm-2 day'. For comparison, soda-lime float (window) glass typically dissolves at a rate of 0.02 mg cm-2 day-'. The Knoop hardness of these glasses is in the range 90-120, as compared with a typical value of 330 for soda-lime glass and 20 for the polymer, polymethyl methacrylate.

Transient nonlinear optical behavior of fluorescein-doped boric acid glass

“…The preparation method and the absorption and fluorescence spectra are identical to those reported by Kramer et al 2 , respectively, as determined from absorption spectra and nonlinear saturation (see Section 3). We performed nonlinear saturation experiments by placing the sample in the focus of a 30-cm lens, varying the incident intensity with a variable neutral-density filter, and measuring the transmission with silicon photodiodes.…”

“…In particular, under cw irradiation fluorescein-doped boric acid glass has been shown to saturate at intensities as low as 15 mW/cm 2 , and values for the third-order susceptibility of the order of 1 esu have been reported.' Other organic doped solid materials whose nonlinear-optical properties have been similarly characterized are acridine dyes in lead-tin fluorophosphate glass 2 and eosin and erythrosin' in gelatin films.…”

“…In particular, under cw irradiation fluorescein-doped boric acid glass has been shown to saturate at intensities as low as 15 mW/cm 2 , and values for the third-order susceptibility of the order of 1 esu have been reported.' Other organic doped solid materials whose nonlinear-optical properties have been similarly characterized are acridine dyes in lead-tin fluorophosphate glass 2 and eosin and erythrosin' in gelatin films. In these and similar systems, excitation from the singlet ground state S to the first singlet excited state (absorption cross section o) is followed by efficient intersystem crossing of most of the excited population to the long-lived lowest triplet state T, thus making cw saturation easy to attain.…”

Spectroscopic and dielectric studies of meso-tetrakis(p-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin doped hybrid borate glasses

“…Borate glasses are particularly interested due to presence of large number of trapping levels and show enhanced photo induced nonlinear optical effects [10,11]. It has been found that trapping of organic dyes in the rigid glassy network increase the longevity of the triplet state with significant population [12]. As a result of this, a large enhancement of third order nonlinear susceptibility (3) in fluorescein, Rhodamine 6G doped borate glass films as compared with solution medium and found potential applications in a variety of NLO devices [13][14][15][16][17].…”

Luminescence spectra of stilbene-3 doped lead–tin–fluorophosphate glass excited by VUV–UV synchrotron radiation

“…In the recent years, there has been an increased interest in the development of the low melting glasses doped with organic dyes (activators) as scintillators in the detection of X-ray, c-ray or neutron in high energy physics and nuclear physics experiments [1][2][3][4]. Scintillators based on organic dye molecules doped in a glass host using sol-gel method with a low temperature for preparation have been reported [5].…”