Nonlinear optical properties of tin–phthalocyanine thin films

Molecular Engineering of Peripherally And Axially Modified Phthalocyanines for Optical Limiting and Nonlinear Optics

“…Tian et al [34] reported the nonlinear properties of non-aggregated zinc and vanadium phthalocyanines, where they found that the zinc phthalocyanine had a larger macroscopic optical nonlinearity than the vanadium phthalocyanine. The optical nonlinearities of bisphthalocyanine solutions (PcYb 2 ) were reported by Mendonca et al; [35] of lutetium (PcLu 2 ), neodymium (PcNd 2 ), and europium (PcEu 2 ) bis-phthalocyanines by Wen et al; [36] and of tin phthalocyanine thin films by Yamashita et al [37] In order to have some independent yardstick' or gauge by which the efficacy of optical limiting materials under investigation might be weighed', quantified, and compared, various parameters have been defined and quoted in the literature. Some authors have referred to threshold fluence, which is defined as that fluence at which the transmission drops to one half of its linear value.…”

Structural and optical properties of thermal evaporated magnesium phthalocyanine (MgPc) thin films

“…The main application of MPc's is the production of organic light emitting devices (OLED) where they perform the role of holes injection layes [3]. Due to the semiconducting properties of MPc's, they are also attractive for photodetectors, organic transistors, sensitive gas sensors, flexible solar cells [4,5], non linear optics [6], photodynamic therapy [7], basis for the optical sensing [8], as carrier generation materials in near infrared [9] and optical data storage systems [10].…”

Ultrafast Nonlinear Optical and Optical Limiting Properties of Phthalocyanine Thin Films Studied Using Z-Scan

“…Additionally, they can be used for optical data storage and optical limiting purposes. Several materials such as porphyrins and phthalocyanines that possess such properties have been investigated extensively in recent times by several groups, including ours [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Especially, phthalocyanines have been examined by chemists, material scientists, and physicists alike since these are ubiquitous materials in which an alteration in molecular configuration allows the engineering of both linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties for specific applications.…”

“…These organic polymeric systems contain conjugated π electron structure and show large optical nonlinearities combined with nonlinear response time in the femtosecond timescales [7,8]. Due to the large, ultrafast third-order nonlinearities and the ease with which one can derive several new compounds through peripheral and axial substitutions, these molecules have generated tremendous interest in nonlinear optics [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. The third order NLO properties of phthalocyanines are closely dependent on the central metal ion and other modifications to the core and peripheral substitution.…”

“…Several earlier reports [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] on the optical and NLO properties have been in various forms of thin films. We have recently reported the NLO studies of novel phthalocyanines using continuous wave (cw), nanosecond (ns), picosecond (ps), and femtosecond (fs) laser pulses [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33].…”