Nonlinear polarization evolution induced by cross-phase modulation and its impact on transmission systems

A Statistical Treatment of Cross-Polarization Modulation in DWDM Systems

“…field in phasor form as a field envelope modulated onto a carrier frequency (2) Propagation in the -direction along a birefringent fiber can be described with the vector form of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) for this envelope (3) The second term in (3) describes linear attenuation with power attenuation coefficient . The third term is responsible for birefringence, with , in which the propagation constant expansion terms for the slow and fast birefringence axes are defined as (4) where is short-hand for . The birefringence axes correspond to the orthogonal eigenvectors of the coupling matrix .…”

“…Previous contributions almost exclusively took a single pump -single probe approach [4]- [6], [9], [13]. Very few authors examined it, in the context of multi-wavelength optical transmission systems, and then only rudimentary [8], [10].…”

“…Most published work so far has been concerned with the nonlinear polarization rotation itself, its description and demonstration [4], [6], [9], [13]. Previous contributions almost exclusively took a single pump -single probe approach [4]- [6], [9], [13].…”

Degree of polarization degradation due to cross-phase modulation and its impact on polarization-mode dispersion compensators

“…Thus, the coupled nonlinear Schroedinger equation (CNLSE) in the absence of both PMD and group velocity dispersion (GVD) can be solved exactly, and it is concluded in [1] that the SOP change of each channel is space dependent, but the DOP of each channel is not degraded. With the same assumptions, Collings and Boivin [12] have tackled the two-channel case, showing that the analytical solution can be interpreted as a rotation of the pump and probe Stokes' vectors around a fixed pivot during propagation.…”

“…As shown in some recent experiments [5], [7]- [9], when XPM-induced degradation is present, the efficiency of OPMDCs is drastically reduced. Moreover, with the aim of predicting such efficiency reduction, the study of depolarization due to the interaction of Kerr nonlinearity and PMD has been tackled in several experimental and theoretical works [10]- [12]. In [10], the focus is on the analysis by simulation of the depolarization induced by self-phase modulation (SPM) and its dependence on the transmitted pulse chirp.…”