Nonlinear pulses at the interface and its relation to state and temperature

Kang, Kevin H.; Schneider, Mat­thias

doi:10.1140/epje/i2020-11903-x

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…( 3) a viscous term U T is included as the simplest dissipative term. This follows the idea by Kaufmann [39] who stressed the need to account for the dissipative processes in the biomembrane (see also [38,40]). In soliton physics the dissipative solitons are well known [9] because the real systems are not conservative like the classical soliton theory describes.…”

Section: A Mathematical Model With Specified Coupling Forcesmentioning

confidence: 72%

On mechanisms of electromechanophysiological interactions between the components of signals in axons

Engelbrecht¹,

Tamm²,

Peets³

2020

Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci.

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Recent studies have revealed the complex structure of nerve signals in axons. There is experimental evidence that the propagation of an electrical signal (action potential) is accompanied by mechanical and thermal effects. In this paper, first, an overview is presented on experimental results and possible mechanisms of electromechanophysiological couplings which govern the signal formation in axons. This forms a basis for building up a mathematical model describing an ensemble of waves. Three basic physical mechanisms responsible for coupling are (i) electric-lipid bi-layer interaction resulting in the mechanical wave in biomembrane; (ii) electric-fluid interaction resulting in the mechanical wave in the axoplasm; (iii) electric-fluid interaction resulting in the temperature change in axoplasm. The influence of possible changes in variables which could have a role for interactions are analysed and the concept of internal variables introduced for describing the endothermic processes. The previously proposed mathematical model is modified reflecting the possible physical explanation of these interactions.

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Section: A Mathematical Model With Specified Coupling Forcesmentioning

confidence: 72%

On mechanisms of electromechanophysiological interactions between the components of signals in axons

Engelbrecht¹,

Tamm²,

Peets³

2020

Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci.

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“…Moreover, in our opinion, following this line of reasoning the importance of recognition of the link between the expected physical phenomenology of these perceived “dangers to cellular viability” and the experimentally supported understanding of the traveling nerve signal as an electro-mechanical wave (encompassing both electrical, mechanical and other manifestations) is overseen. Therefore, in light of these theoretical considerations it is important to note that, similar to observations made in artificial lipid membrane models ( Kang and Schneider, 2020 ), in recent years some preliminary experimental data has been provided to show that as the action potential moves forward, in line with Kaufmann’s thermodynamic theory, the cell membrane of excitable plant cells sequentially condenses (freezes) and melts (relaxes-rarefaction) during the depolarization and repolarization phase, respectively ( Fabiunke et al, 2020 ). In addition, experimental evidence has been presented demonstrating sharp, localized and reversible phase transitions in the surface membranes of cultured neuronal cells triggered by temperature changes and modified by pH ( Fedosejevs and Schneider, 2022 ).…”

Section: The “Electricity Only” Based Conception Of the Nerve Signal:...mentioning

confidence: 84%

Thinking about the action potential: the nerve signal as a window to the physical principles guiding neuronal excitability

Drukarch,

Wilhelmus

2023

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Ever since the work of Edgar Adrian, the neuronal action potential has been considered as an electric signal, modeled and interpreted using concepts and theories lent from electronic engineering. Accordingly, the electric action potential, as the prime manifestation of neuronal excitability, serving processing and reliable “long distance” communication of the information contained in the signal, was defined as a non-linear, self-propagating, regenerative, wave of electrical activity that travels along the surface of nerve cells. Thus, in the ground-breaking theory and mathematical model of Hodgkin and Huxley (HH), linking Nernst’s treatment of the electrochemistry of semi-permeable membranes to the physical laws of electricity and Kelvin’s cable theory, the electrical characteristics of the action potential are presented as the result of the depolarization-induced, voltage- and time-dependent opening and closure of ion channels in the membrane allowing the passive flow of charge, particularly in the form of Na+ and K+ -ions, into and out of the neuronal cytoplasm along the respective electrochemical ion gradient. In the model, which treats the membrane as a capacitor and ion channels as resistors, these changes in ionic conductance across the membrane cause a sudden and transient alteration of the transmembrane potential, i.e., the action potential, which is then carried forward and spreads over long(er) distances by means of both active and passive conduction dependent on local current flow by diffusion of Na+ ion in the neuronal cytoplasm. However, although highly successful in predicting and explaining many of the electric characteristics of the action potential, the HH model, nevertheless cannot accommodate the various non-electrical physical manifestations (mechanical, thermal and optical changes) that accompany action potential propagation, and for which there is ample experimental evidence. As such, the electrical conception of neuronal excitability appears to be incomplete and alternatives, aiming to improve, extend or even replace it, have been sought for. Commonly misunderstood as to their basic premises and the physical principles they are built on, and mistakenly perceived as a threat to the generally acknowledged explanatory power of the “classical” HH framework, these attempts to present a more complete picture of neuronal physiology, have met with fierce opposition from mainstream neuroscience and, as a consequence, currently remain underdeveloped and insufficiently tested. Here we present our perspective that this may be an unfortunate state of affairs as these different biophysics-informed approaches to incorporate also non-electrical signs of the action potential into the modeling and explanation of the nerve signal, in our view, are well suited to foster a new, more complete and better integrated understanding of the (multi)physical nature of neuronal excitability and signal transport and, hence, of neuronal function. In doing so, we will emphasize attempts to derive the different physical manifestations of the action potential from one common, macroscopic thermodynamics-based, framework treating the multiphysics of the nerve signal as the inevitable result of the collective material, i.e., physico-chemical, properties of the lipid bilayer neuronal membrane (in particular, the axolemma) and/or the so-called ectoplasm or membrane skeleton consisting of cytoskeletal protein polymers, in particular, actin fibrils. Potential consequences for our view of action potential physiology and role in neuronal function are identified and discussed.

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“…As a result, only a few unique circumstances allow the conversion of the initial optical pulse into a multipole soliton. Dispersion solitons' many aspects are covered in a number of studies and reviews, such as Maimistov (2010), Hasegawa (2002), Liu et al (2020), and notable books (Boiti et al, 1988;Kang & Schneider, 2020;Kodama & Hasegawa, 1987;MacPherson et al, 1987;Rubino et al, 2012) whose authors made important contributions to the advancement of the soliton theory. The factor has a major effect on the propagation of a femtosecond pulse.…”

Section: Effect Dispersion On Dark Solitonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bright and Dark Soliton Pulse in Solid Core Photonic Crystal Fibers

Jasim AL-Taie

2023

JOPR

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The nonlinear Schrodinger equation was utilized to conduct an analytical study on the soliton control in homogeneous photonic crystal fibers within both the normal and anomalous dispersion regimes. The split step Fourier method and MATLAB computation were used to generate the analytical soliton solutions for the nonlinear Schrodinger problem. The bright and dark soliton can be controlled by the group velocity distribution. It is capable of demonstrating the fabrication of a fully coherent photonic crystal fiber. Moreover, dark soliton pulses have been seen in photonic crystal fiber in the typical dispersion domain. Here we present the bound states of bright-dark soliton pairs that are mutually confined in a photonic crystal fiber. Solitons are produced when two modes with opposing dispersions are replanted. One laser operating in the anomalous dispersion domain produces the bright soliton, while the second laser running in the normal dispersion phase produces the dark soliton by normal dispersion cross-phase modulation with the light soliton. The results unequivocally point to a novel method of generating dark soliton pulses. Capturing both bright and dark solitons can produce light states that, interestingly, have a consistent power output and spectrally resemble a frequency comb. These results may have use in soliton states in atomic physics, ultrafast optics, frequency comb technologies, and telecommunications systems. A radically new approach to the stabilization of powerful wave packages in the negative and positive group velocity dispersion regions of interacting waves is illustrated.

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Nonlinear pulses at the interface and its relation to state and temperature

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

On mechanisms of electromechanophysiological interactions between the components of signals in axons

On mechanisms of electromechanophysiological interactions between the components of signals in axons

Thinking about the action potential: the nerve signal as a window to the physical principles guiding neuronal excitability

Bright and Dark Soliton Pulse in Solid Core Photonic Crystal Fibers

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