“…where b E , b A , b I and b L are the modulus of elasticity, the cross-sectional area, the moment of inertia and the length of the beam-column element, respectively; s C , t C and t R are the stability functions representing the interaction between the axial and bending stiffnesses of the beam-column element [26]. In general, large displacements occur in the deck-tower system due to the large span and less weight of a cable-stayed bridge.…”