“…Functionally graded materials (FGMs) have a continuous and smooth graded distribution of material properties in the spatial field. Due to their superior properties and advantages, FGMs have been successfully extended to various engineering applications and received much attention [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Recently, a breakthrough made it possible to realize desired structural properties by adjusting the local density of structures, thereby developing novel functionally graded (FG) porous structures composed of metal foams having graded density [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”