“…(allowing for skin effects and asymmetric phase resistances), mechanical angular velocity ω m = ω p n p (i.e., electrical angular velocity ω p divided by pole pair number n p ), inertia constant Θ m , Carke transformation factor κ ∈ {2/3, 2/3} allowing for amplitude or power invariant transformation [17,Chapt. 14], average machine torque m m := 2 3κ 2 n p (i dq ) ⊤ J ψ dq [18], load torque m l and mechanical angle ϕ m (rotor position). Iron losses and temperature dependencies are neglected (although the presented approach can easily be extended to cover these scenarios as well).…”