Nonlinearities in Black Hole Ringdowns

Mitman, Keefe; Lagos, Macarena; Stein, Leo C.; Ma, Sizheng; Hui, Lam; Chen, Yanbei; Deppe, Nils; Hébert, François; Kidder, Lawrence E.; Moxon, Jordan; Scheel, Mark A.; Teukolsky, Saul A.; Throwe, William; Fischer, Nils

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.130.081402

Cited by 79 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Once the overtones are taken into account, the modelling and linear profile of the ringdown are in full agreement, allowing for the extraction of the black hole's angular mass and momentum. Despite the current LIGO/VIRGO observational data not allowing the detection of the overtones in the gravitational-wave signals [21,22], and the higher-overtone contributions requiring nonlinear corrections [23][24][25] when analyzing them, there are indications that the overtones are significantly excited in some events and may be detectable by LISA during the early ringdown phase [26].…”

Section: Jcap07(2023)001mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasinormal modes and grey-body factors of regular black holes with a scalar hair from the Effective Field Theory

Konoplya

2023

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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The Effective Field Theory (EFT) of perturbations on an arbitrary background geometry with a timelike scalar profile has been recently constructed in the context of scalar-tensor theories. Unlike General Relativity, the regular Hayward metric is realized as an exact background metric in the Effective Field Theory with timelike scalar profile without resorting to special matter field, such as nonlinear electrodynamics. The fundamental quasinormal mode for axial graviational perturbations of this black hole has been considered recently with the help of various methods. Here we make a further step in this direction and find that, unlike the fundamental mode, a few first overtones deviate from their Schwarzschild limit at a much higher rate. This outburst of overtones occurs because the overtones are extremely sensitive to the least change of the near- horizon geometry. The analytical formula for quasinormal modes is obtained in the eikonal regime. In addition, we calculated grey-body factors and showed that the regular Hayward black hole with a scalar hair has a smaller grey-body factor than the Schwarzschild one. Integration of the wave-like equation in the time-domain shows that the power-law tails, following the ring-down phase, are indistinguishable from the Schwarzschild ones at late times.

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Section: Jcap07(2023)001mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasinormal modes and grey-body factors of regular black holes with a scalar hair from the Effective Field Theory

Konoplya

2023

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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“…Compare this with the case of gravity. Contrary to Maxwell's equations, Einstein's equations are already nonlinear at the classical level, and nonlinear effects affect phenomena taking place in strong regimes [40,41]. This means that squeezing of macroscopic GWs might well be a natural effect, provided the source is strong enough-which is definitely true in the case of mergers.…”

Section: Are Squeezed Gws Produced In Nature?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strong nonlinear astronomical sources, perhaps those already known to emit GWs, seem therefore reasonable candidates to investigate. A recent step in this direction has been proposed in [20] where nonlinear effects present in black hole's ringdown [40][41][42][43][44][45] have been considered.…”

Section: Are Squeezed Gws Produced In Nature?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The quantum optics of gravitational waves

Abrahão,

Coradeschi,

Micol Frassino

et al. 2023

Class. Quantum Grav.

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By utilizing quantum optics techniques, we examine the characteristics of a quantum gravitational wave (GW) signature at interferometers. In particular, we study the problem by analyzing the equations of motion of a GW interacting with an idealized interferometer. Using this method, we reconstruct the classical GW signal from a representation of the quantum version of an almost classical monochromatic wave (a single-mode coherent state), then we discuss the experimental signatures of some specific, more general quantum states. We calculate the observables that could be used at future interferometers to probe possible quantum states carried by the GWs.

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“…Perhaps, one of the most crucial issues is the linearlity problem of the black hole ringing. Indeed, some strong evidence for the non-linear effects were found for black hole mergers with comparable mass ratio [49][50][51][52], which are also important to accurately model the early ringdown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal ringdown of a Kerr black hole: overtone excitation, Fermi-Dirac statistics and greybody factor

Oshita

2023

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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We find a significant destructive interference among Kerr overtones in the early ringdown induced by an extreme mass-ratio merger of a massive black hole and a compact object, and that the ringdown spectrum apparently follows the Fermi-Dirac distribution. We numerically compute the spectral amplitude of gravitational waves induced by a particle plunging into a Kerr black hole and study the excitation of multiple quasi-normal (QN) modes. We find that the start time of ringdown is before the strain peak of the signal and corresponds to the time when the particle passes the photon sphere. When the black hole has the near-extremal rotation, the Kerr QN frequencies are close to the fermionic Matsubara frequencies with the Hawking temperature and the chemical potential of the superradiant frequency. We indeed find that the absolute square of the spectral amplitude apparently follows the Fermi-Dirac distribution with the chemical potential of around the real QN frequency of the fundamental mode. Fitting the Boltzmann distribution to the data in higher frequencies, the best-fit temperature is found out to be close to the Hawking temperature, especially for rapid rotations. In the near-extremal limit, the gravitational-wave spectrum exhibits a would-be Fermi degeneracy with the Fermi surface at the superradiant frequency ω = μ H. We show that the greybody factor, i.e., the absorption cross section of a black hole, leads to the Fermi-Dirac distribution. As the greybody factor is another no-hair quantity of black holes, this opens a new possibility that we could test general relativity by observationally searching for the Boltzmann distribution in ringdown, provided that near-extremal black holes exist in the observable region. Indeed, it has been predicted that near-extremal supermassive black holes would exist at the center of some galaxies from the X-ray reflection spectroscopy. We could measure the mass and angular momentum of ringing black holes and could probe the Kerr/CFT correspondence by measuring the greybody factor imprinted on the ringdown spectrum.

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Nonlinearities in Black Hole Ringdowns

Cited by 79 publications

References 65 publications

Quasinormal modes and grey-body factors of regular black holes with a scalar hair from the Effective Field Theory

Quasinormal modes and grey-body factors of regular black holes with a scalar hair from the Effective Field Theory

The quantum optics of gravitational waves

Thermal ringdown of a Kerr black hole: overtone excitation, Fermi-Dirac statistics and greybody factor

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