Nonmetal P-doped hematite photoanode with enhanced electron mobility and high water oxidation activity

Zhang, Yuchao; Jiang, Shende; Song, Wenjing; Zhou, Peng; Ji, Hongwei; Ma, Wanhong; Hao, Weichang; Chen, Chuncheng; Zhao, Jincai

doi:10.1039/c4ee03803g

Cited by 218 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Each of these properties is important for practical use in environmental applications . For these reasons, a variety of semiconductors such as metal oxides, metal sulfides, and metal or carbon nitrides have been used to improve the activity of TiO 2 in the visible region …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnFe₂O₄ Leaves Grown on TiO₂ Trees Enhance Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Zheng

Dinh

Arquer

et al. 2016

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TiO2 has excellent electrochemical properties but limited solar photocatalytic performance in light of its large bandgap. One important class of visible-wavelength sensitizers of TiO2 is based on ZnFe2 O4 , which has shown fully a doubling in performance relative to pure TiO2 . Prior efforts on this important front have relied on presynthesized nanoparticles of ZnFe2 O4 adsorbed on a TiO2 support; however, these have not yet achieved the full potential of this system since they do not provide a consistently maximized area of the charge-separating heterointerface per volume of sensitizing absorber. A novel atomic layer deposition (ALD)-enhanced synthesis of sensitizing ZnFe2 O4 leaves grown on the trunks of TiO2 trees is reported. These new materials exhibit fully a threefold enhancement in photoelectrochemical performance in water splitting compared to pristine TiO2 under visible illumination. The new materials synthesis strategy relies first on the selective growth of FeOOH nanosheets, 2D structures that shoot off from the sides of the TiO2 trees; these templates are then converted to ZnFe2 O4 with the aid of a novel ALD step, a strategy that preserves morphology while adding the Zn cation to achieve enhanced optical absorption and optimize the heterointerface band alignment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnFe₂O₄ Leaves Grown on TiO₂ Trees Enhance Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Zheng

Dinh

Arquer

et al. 2016

Small

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“…The impurity doping is probably the most common method of modification of photocatalytic semiconductors ,,. The introduction of dopant atoms into the lattice of the semiconductors improves their electronic properties and band structure to ultimately enhance their performance of photocatalysis.…”

Section: General Strategies To Improve the Photoelectrochemical Perfomentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Strategies to Advance the Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Performance of α‐Fe₂O₃ Photoanode

2018

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The last few decades’ extensive research on the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has projected it as a promising approach to meet the steadily growing demand for cleaner and renewable energy in a sustainable and economically viable fashion. Among many potential photocatalysts, hematite (α‐Fe2O3) emerges as a highly promising photoanode material with favorable characteristics including visible light absorption (a suitable band gap energy), earth abundance, chemical stability, and low cost. A pronounced disadvantage of α‐Fe2O3 is its low photovoltage together with an extremely short hole diffusion length and a low electrical conductivity, which limit its PEC water oxidation performance. To make α‐Fe2O3 as a viable photocatalyst for PEC water splitting, one needs to rectify these unfavorable characteristics of α‐Fe2O3 by elaborated multiple modifications. In this review article, we introduce various modification strategies of hematite with emphasis on surface modifications to achieve low onset potential as well as high photocurrent approaching the theoretical value for solar water splitting.

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“…The kinetic rate constant of CCNS (13.63 h −1 ) is 18 times that of CNB (0.76 h −1 ; Figure f, Table S6, Supporting Information). According to quenching experiments and vacuum degassing tests (Figure S11 and S12, Supporting Information), superoxide radicals (·O 2− ) and holes were confirmed to be the dominant RS to drive photocatalysis . The photocatalytic process was completed within 25 min with an inconspicuous decrease after five consecutive cycles (Figure S9 and S10, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The occupied states across the Fermi level are considered to induce a transition energy state, providing efficient charge transfer channels and a narrowed bandgap. With the synergistic effect of quantum confinement and incorporation of CDs, the interfacial Schottky barrier is reduced and facilitated carrier transfer occurs during the photocatalytic process …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dots–Implanted Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for Photocatalysis: Simultaneously Manipulating Carrier Transport in Inter‐ and Intralayers

Han

et al. 2020

Solar RRL

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Carbon dots (CDs) present unique photoinduced charge transfer and reservoir properties, showing promising application potential in photocatalysis. The in situ preparation of CDs in a graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) matrix provides not only a new approach for electronic structure modulation and heterostructure construction but also an effective way to improve their photocatalytic performance. However, incorporating CDs into ultrathin g‐C3N4 remains a challenge. Moreover, simultaneously tuning their carrier transport in inter‐ and intralayers is difficult but significant for their application as efficient photocatalysts. Herein, an unprecedented Se‐chaperoned thermal polymerization method for the synthesis of zero‐dimensional CD‐implanted g‐C3N4 nanosheets (CCNS) is reported. The CCNS simultaneously facilitate carrier transport and suppress recombination because of the seamless bonding heterostructure of CDs within the in‐plane domains of the g‐C3N4 nanosheets. Accordingly, the photocatalytic rates of water splitting for H2 evolution and CO2 reduction are enhanced 3.1 and 4.1 times, respectively. In addition, the photocatalytic RhB degradation efficiency dramatically increases 18 times. This work presents a promising solution to solving the current worldwide energy shortage and environmental pollution issues.

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Nonmetal P-doped hematite photoanode with enhanced electron mobility and high water oxidation activity

Abstract: Nonmetal P-doped hematite photoanodes with remarkably improved photocurrent densities were synthesized. The high activity is attributed to the enhanced electron mobility.

Cited by 218 publications

References 30 publications

ZnFe₂O₄ Leaves Grown on TiO₂ Trees Enhance Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

ZnFe₂O₄ Leaves Grown on TiO₂ Trees Enhance Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Key Strategies to Advance the Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Performance of α‐Fe₂O₃ Photoanode

Carbon Dots–Implanted Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for Photocatalysis: Simultaneously Manipulating Carrier Transport in Inter‐ and Intralayers

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Nonmetal P-doped hematite photoanode with enhanced electron mobility and high water oxidation activity

Abstract: Nonmetal P-doped hematite photoanodes with remarkably improved photocurrent densities were synthesized. The high activity is attributed to the enhanced electron mobility.

Cited by 218 publications

References 30 publications

ZnFe2O4 Leaves Grown on TiO2 Trees Enhance Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

ZnFe2O4 Leaves Grown on TiO2 Trees Enhance Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Key Strategies to Advance the Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Performance of α‐Fe2O3 Photoanode

Carbon Dots–Implanted Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for Photocatalysis: Simultaneously Manipulating Carrier Transport in Inter‐ and Intralayers

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Product

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ZnFe₂O₄ Leaves Grown on TiO₂ Trees Enhance Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

ZnFe₂O₄ Leaves Grown on TiO₂ Trees Enhance Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Key Strategies to Advance the Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Performance of α‐Fe₂O₃ Photoanode