Nonoperative Management of Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Abstract

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is defined as the descent of one or more of the anterior, posterior, or apical vagina. It is a common condition, with up to 50% of women having prolapse on examination in their lifetimes. This article provides an overview of the evaluation and discussion of nonoperative management of POP for the obstetrician-gynecologist (ob-gyn), with consideration of recommendations from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the American Urogynecologic Society, and the International Urogynecological Association. The initial evaluation of POP requires a history documenting whether the patient is experiencing symptoms and what they are, and discovery of which symptoms they believe are attributable to prolapse. Examination determines the vaginal compartment(s) and to what degree prolapse exists. In general, only patients who have symptomatic prolapse or medical indication should be offered treatment. Although surgical options exist, all patients who are symptomatic and desire treatment should be offered nonsurgical treatment first, including pelvic floor physical therapy or a pessary trial. Appropriateness, expectations, complications, and counseling points are reviewed. Educational opportunities between the patient and the ob-gyn include disentangling common beliefs that the bladder is dropping or that concomitant urinary or bowel symptoms are necessarily caused by prolapse. Improving patient education can lead to a better understanding of their condition and better alignment of treatment goals and expectations.

Pelvic Floor Dysfunction

“…A systematic review, including 89 articles, reported that more than 50% of women continued pessary use and had an obvious improvement in their quality of life, sexual function, and body perception [74]. Complications from pessaries insertion include discontinuation, local infection, vaginal bleeding, the risk of developing vaginal erosions or discharge, and new bowel and bladder symptoms [75,76]. Although these are typically minor, an appropriate short-term removal or vaginal estrogen therapy should be considered.…”