Nonopioid analgesics: NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, and acetaminophen

Williams, Bryan S.; Buvanendran, Asokumar

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-2242-0.00026-2

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…32,33 Deterministic study of environmental risks and scenario description Both deterministic and probabilistic assessments were used to provide information on different aspects of environmental concentrations and risks. 34,35 Deterministic approaches are widely used in i, Williams and Buvanendran; 43 Four scenarios were defined for the deterministic study to consider the full range of input parameters (summarized in Table 2). Scenario (Sc1) was the worst case, in which the APIs taken by humans were assumed to be completely excreted (E = 100%) and no API was removed represents the chemical being "inherently biodegradable but fulfilling specific criteria", "readily biodegradable but failing 10-day window" and "readily biodegradable" respectively, which indicate low, moderate and high R values in WWTPs and were adopted by scenarios 2, 3 and 4 (Table S3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially Explicit Large-Scale Environmental Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals in Surface Water in China

Zhu

Snape

Jones

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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With improving health care and an aging population, the consumption of human pharmaceuticals in China has been increasing dramatically. Environmental risks posed by many active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are still unknown. This study used a spatially-explicit dilution-factor methodology to model predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) of 11 human-use APIs in surface water for a preliminary environmental risk assessment (ERA). Median PECs in surface water across China range between 0.01-8.0×10 3 ng/L for the different APIs, under a moderate patient use scenario. Higher environmental risks of APIs in surface water are in regions with high water stress, e.g. northern China. Levonorgestrel, estradiol, ethinyl estradiol and abiraterone acetate were predicted to potentially pose a high or moderate environmental risk in China if consumption levels reach those in Europe. Relative risks of these four APIs have the potential to be amongst those chemicals with the highest impact on surface water in China when compared to the risks associated with other regulated chemicals, including triclosan and some standard water quality parameters including BOD5 (5-day biological oxygen demand), COD (chemical oxygen demand), Cu, Zn and Hg and linear alkylbenzene sulphonate. This method could support the regulation of this category of chemicals and risk mitigation strategies in China.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially Explicit Large-Scale Environmental Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals in Surface Water in China

Zhu

Snape

Jones

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Diclofenac (pKa = 4.18) is a weak acid that is mainly available in its salt form (Fini et al, 2012). Its sodium, potassium (Williams and Buvanendran, 2011), and alkyl-hydroxyl amine (Fini et al, 2010) salts are the most common. Although the crystal structures of several DFA cocrystals, such as DFA-isonicotinic amide (Báthori et al, 2011) and DFA-theophylline (Surov et al, 2014), are known, there is no report on the crystal structure of any of the zwitterionic cocrystals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zwitterionic cocrystal of diclofenac and l-proline: Structure determination, solubility, kinetics of cocrystallization, and stability study

Nugrahani

Utami

Ibrahim

et al. 2018

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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In recent decades, the design of cocrystals has developed significantly due to the unique characteristics and advantages of cocrystals, which help to improve the physicochemical properties of drugs, especially solubility. Zwitterions are attractive and interesting co-formers. However, the physicochemical properties of cocrystals with zwitterionic co-formers, i.e. zwitterionic cocrystals, have not been adequately evaluated. In this study, solid-state characterization of a newly developed zwitterionic cocrystal of diclofenac (DFA), a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug, and the amino acid L-proline (PRO) was performed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analyses. In addition, the crystal structure of the cocrystal (DFA-PRO) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, after which the zwitterionic structure was confirmed. The cocrystallization during co-grinding, which was investigated by PXRD, followed first-order kinetics. Furthermore, the solubility of the zwitterionic cocrystals was 7.5-times higher than that of the DFA crystals. The results indicate that the cocrystal is stable under ambient conditions; however, it hydrates and transforms into a mixture of L-proline monohydrate crystals and DFA crystals under conditions of high humidity.

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“…In vitro release kinetics showed prolonged drug liberation in simulated physiological conditions, an operative therapeutic concentration being attained in less than one day, followed by an eight day sustained release. The therapeutic effect was effective for five days when tested in vivo by the somatic pain model on rats, an encouraging result when compared to the one-day efficiency of systemic administration [97]. The best results were obtained for the hydrogels in which DCF was finely dispersed mostly as isolated molecules, due to a slowed dissolution and diffusion.…”

Section: Glycodynameric Gels For Drug Deliverymentioning

confidence: 93%

Smart Supra- and Macro-Molecular Tools for Biomedical Applications

2020

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Stimuli-responsive, “smart” polymeric materials used in the biomedical field function in a bio-mimicking manner by providing a non-linear response to triggers coming from a physiological microenvironment or other external source. They are built based on various chemical, physical, and biological tools that enable pH and/or temperature-stimulated changes in structural or physicochemical attributes, like shape, volume, solubility, supramolecular arrangement, and others. This review touches on some particular developments on the topic of stimuli-sensitive molecular tools for biomedical applications. Design and mechanistic details are provided concerning the smart synthetic instruments that are employed to prepare supra- and macro-molecular architectures with specific responses to external stimuli. Five major themes are approached: (i) temperature- and pH-responsive systems for controlled drug delivery; (ii) glycodynameric hydrogels for drug delivery; (iii) polymeric non-viral vectors for gene delivery; (iv) metallic nanoconjugates for biomedical applications; and, (v) smart organic tools for biomedical imaging.

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Nonopioid analgesics: NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, and acetaminophen

Cited by 17 publications

References 78 publications

Spatially Explicit Large-Scale Environmental Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals in Surface Water in China

Spatially Explicit Large-Scale Environmental Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals in Surface Water in China

Zwitterionic cocrystal of diclofenac and l-proline: Structure determination, solubility, kinetics of cocrystallization, and stability study

Smart Supra- and Macro-Molecular Tools for Biomedical Applications

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