Nonparametric Dense-Object Detection Algorithm for Applications of Cosmic-Ray Muon Tomography

Rand, E. T.; Kamaev, O.; Valente, Andrew; Bhullar, Amanjot

doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.14.064032

“…The resulting deflection angle for our present prototype is anticipated to be very small [6], i.e. either below or in the close neighborhood of our detector accuracy that is 1 mrad.…”

Section: Average Deflection Angle and Standard Deviationmentioning

confidence: 89%

Investigation of deflection angle for muon energy classification in muon scattering tomography via GEANT4 simulations

Topuz

¹

,

Kiisk

²

,

Giammanco³

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

1

0

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In muon scattering tomography, the investigated materials are discriminated according to the scattering angle that mainly depends on the atomic number, the density, and the thickness of the medium at a given energy value. The scattering angles at different initial energies also provide the opportunity to classify the incoming muons into a number of energy groups. In this study, by employing the GEANT4 code, we show that the deflection angle exponentially decays as a function of energy, and the numerical values for the current configuration are below the detector accuracy except the initial energy bins owing to the low-Z, low density, and low thickness of the current plastic scintillators. This implies the necessity of additional components that provoke the muon scattering. Therefore, we introduce stainless steel surfaces into the top and bottom sections in order to amplify the deflection angle as well as to reduce the uncertainty, thereby improving the detector performance.

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“…a container or a nuclear waste barrel), such that the trajectory of the muon can be tracked before and after having crossed the volume-of-interest (VOI). Reminding the fact that the angular deviation due to the target materials actually constitutes the principal parameter to discriminate the VOI, it might be anticipated that the system * ahmet.ilker.topuz@ut.ee, ahmet.topuz@uclouvain.be components such as the detector layers also lead to a very tiny deflection for the propagating muons [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On muon energy group structure based on deflection angle for application in muon scattering tomography: A Monte Carlo study through GEANT4 simulations

Topuz¹,

Kiisk²,

Giammanco³

et al. 2021

RAP Conference Proceedings

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The average deflection angle of the tracked muons in the muon scattering tomography exponentially declines in function of the initial kinetic energy, the angular dependence of which provides an opportunity to set out a binary relation between the initial kinetic energy and the average deflection angle, thereby leading to a coarse energy prediction founded on the mean deflection angle in the case of experimental incapabilities or limitations. Nevertheless, in addition to the disadvantageous exponential trend, the standard deviations observed in the deflection angles restrict the number of energy groups by yielding a significant number of coincided angular outcomes even at the fairly distinct energy values. In this study, we address the problem of the muon energy classification for a tomographic system consisting of 0.4-cm plastic scintillators manufactured from polyvinyl toluene and we explore a four-group structure besides a ternary partitioning between 0.25 and 8 GeV. In the first instance, we determine the deflection angles by tracking the hit locations in the detector layers on the sub-divided uniform energy intervals through the GEANT4 simulations. In the latter step, we express two misclassification probabilities where the first approach assumes a symmetrical linear propagation bounded by one standard deviation in one dimension, whereas the second procedure employs a positively defined modified Gaussian distribution that governs the overlapping area in two dimensions. In the final stage, we compare qualitatively and quantitatively the adjacent energy groups by using the computed misclassification probabilities. In the absence of any further data manipulation, we explicitly show that the misclassification probabilities increase when the number of energy groups augments. Furthermore, we also conclude that it is feasible to benefit from the mean deflection angle to roughly estimate the muon energies up to four energy groups by taking the misclassification probabilities into consideration, while the classification viability significantly diminishes when the partition number exceeds four on the basis of standard deviation.

show abstract

“…a container or a nuclear waste barrel), such that the trajectory of the muon can be tracked before and after having crossed the volume-of-interest (VOI). Reminding the fact that the angular deviation due to the target materials actually constitutes the principal parameter to discriminate the VOI, it might be anticipated that the system components such as the detector layers also lead to a very tiny deflection for the propagating muons [3]. Whereas the average deflection angle differs according to the kinetic energy of the incoming muons, a notable number of tomographic setups based on the muon scattering either do not possess any specific instruments to measure the kinetic energies or roughly group the counted muons by using a limited number of indirect methodologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On muon energy group structure based on deflection angle for application in muon scattering tomography: A Monte Carlo study through GEANT4 simulations

Topuz,

Kiisk,

Giammanco

et al. 2021

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The average deflection angle of the tracked muons in the muon scattering tomography exponentially declines in function of the initial kinetic energy, the angular dependence of which provides an opportunity to set out a binary relation between the initial kinetic energy and the average deflection angle, thereby leading to a coarse energy prediction founded on the mean deflection angle in the case of experimental incapabilities or limitations. Nevertheless, in addition to the disadvantageous exponential trend, the standard deviations observed in the deflection angles restrict the number of energy groups by yielding a significant number of coincided angular outcomes even at the fairly distinct energy values. In this study, we address the problem of the muon energy classification for a tomographic system consisting of 0.4-cm plastic scintillators manufactured from polyvinyl toluene and we explore a four-group structure besides a ternary partitioning between 0.25 and 8 GeV. In the first instance, we determine the deflection angles by tracking the hit locations in the detector layers on the sub-divided uniform energy intervals through the GEANT4 simulations. In the latter step, we express two misclassification probabilities where the first approach assumes a symmetrical linear propagation bounded by one standard deviation in one dimension, whereas the second procedure employs a positively defined modified Gaussian distribution that governs the overlapping area in two dimensions. In the final stage, we compare qualitatively and quantitatively the adjacent energy groups by using the computed misclassification probabilities. In the absence of any further data manipulation, we explicitly show that the misclassification probabilities increase when the number of energy groups augments. Furthermore, we also conclude that it is feasible to benefit from the mean deflection angle to roughly estimate the muon energies up to four energy groups by taking the misclassification probabilities into consideration, while the classification viability significantly diminishes when the partition number exceeds four on the basis of standard deviation.

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Nonparametric Dense-Object Detection Algorithm for Applications of Cosmic-Ray Muon Tomography

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Investigation of deflection angle for muon energy classification in muon scattering tomography via GEANT4 simulations

Investigation of deflection angle for muon energy classification in muon scattering tomography via GEANT4 simulations

On muon energy group structure based on deflection angle for application in muon scattering tomography: A Monte Carlo study through GEANT4 simulations

On muon energy group structure based on deflection angle for application in muon scattering tomography: A Monte Carlo study through GEANT4 simulations

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