“…Thus, at the microscopic level the spatial distribution of tissue elements and their refractive indices which are the corresponding optical description of microscopic structure of tissue are continuous. Recognizing that the random characteristic of the refractive index requires statistical description methods, the concept of a spatial correlation function of the refractive index [2,24,25,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33] or the dielectric permittivity [34] was then used to model the microscopic structure of tissues. At present, several forms of the refractive index correlation function have been proposed to describe the tissue inhomogeneities among which the most general one is the Whittle-Matérn correlation function family which can be expressed in terms of three parameters, the length scale of refractive index correlation distance L o , the parameter m that describes the form of the correlation function and the variance of the refractive index fluctuation δn 2 [25,35].…”