Nonspecific Protection of Mice against Influenza Virus Infection by Local or Systemic Immunization with Bacille Calmette-Guerin

Spencer, James C.; Ganguly, R; Waldman, Robert H.

doi:10.1093/infdis/136.2.171

Cited by 116 publications

(97 citation statements)

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“…A similar phenomenon, nonspecific protection of mice against influenza virus infection by local or systemic immunization with BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin), was reported by Spencer et al (18). However, this nonspecific effect is much lower than the protection provided by immunization with the active peptide 138-164.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Immunity and protection against influenza virus by synthetic peptide corresponding to antigenic sites of hemagglutinin.

Shapira¹,

Jibson²,

G³

et al. 1984

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Four peptides have been synthesized, corresponding to different regions of the H3 influenza hemagglutinin, that are related to antigenic sites "A" and "B" of the molecule. The peptides consisted of the following sequences: 139-146, which forms the "loop" in the native hemagglutinin molecule, with either glycine or aspartic acid at position 144; 147-164, which contains part of antigenic determinant "B"; and 138-164, which comprises both the loop and the area 147-164.The peptides were conjugated to tetanus toxoid and used for immunization of rabbits and mice. All four conjugates elicited an immune response against the homologous peptides, but only the peptides 138-164 and 147-164 gave rise to antibodies that recognized and bound to the intact virus. Protection of mice against challenge infection with A/Eng/42/72 virus was achieved only by immunization with the conjugate (138-164)-TT, which led to partial protective effect. These data emphasize the role of molecular structure in determining the antigenic properties of synthetic peptides and indicate that the length of the peptide could be crucial for enforcing the right folding required to mimic the native structure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Immunity and protection against influenza virus by synthetic peptide corresponding to antigenic sites of hemagglutinin.

Shapira¹,

Jibson²,

G³

et al. 1984

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Protective role of BCG against influenza infections in mice and unintended beneficial effects of BCG vaccinations in humans have been demonstrated by others [12,13]. BCG’s non-specific protections against other diseases are mostly through enhancement of macrophage recruitment and function in the site of infection [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been attributed to reduced leprosy cases in the past several decades, used to treat melanoma cases, and through intravesical delivery, BCG is part of standard regimen to treat and prevent the recurrence of superficial bladder tumors [9–11]. BCG also confers a non-specific protection against influenza infections in mice [12]. Substantial evidences for nonspecific beneficial effects of BCG vaccination in humans have been provided by a randomized clinical trial [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting efferocytosis in alveolar space using BCG vaccine to protect host against influenza pneumonia

et al. 2017

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Efferocytosis by alveolar phagocytes (APs) is pivotal in maintenance of lung homeostasis. Increased efferocytosis by APs results in protection against lethal acute lung injury due to pulmonary infections whereas defective efferocytosis by APs results in chronic lung inflammation. In this report, we show that pulmonary delivery of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) significantly enhances efferocytosis by APs. Increased efferocytosis by APs maintains lung homeostasis and protects mice against lethal influenza pneumonia. Intranasally treated wild type C57Bl/6 (WT) mice with BCG showed significant increase in APs efferocytosis in vivo compared to their PBS-treated counterparts. All BCG-treated WT mice survived lethal influenza A virus (IAV) infection whereas all PBS-treated mice succumbed. BCG-induced resistance was abrogated by depleting AP prior to IAV infection. BCG treatment increased uptake, and digestion/removal of apoptotic cells by APs. BCG significantly increased the expression of TIM4 on APs and increased expression of Rab5 and Rab7. We demonstrated that increased efferocytosis by APs through pulmonary delivery of BCG initiated rapid clearance of apoptotic cells from the alveolar space, maintained lung homeostasis, reduced inflammation and protected host against lethal IAV pneumonia.

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“…Similarly, lower production of these cytokines associated with undernutrition could facilitate BCG dissemination to the thymus and lungs in these animals. Even though the extent of protection afforded by BCG is highly debated, the consensus is that this vaccine is able to protect children against more severe forms of TB infections [25] and leprosy [26] and may also offer nonspecific protection against other infectious diseases [27]. Undernutrition could, therefore, severely undermine all these protective effects associated with BCG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the BCG Vaccine Safe for Undernourished Individuals?

Ishikawa

Rosa

França

et al. 2012

Clinical and Developmental Immunology

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Cellular immunity is critical for protection against tuberculosis, but its integrity is compromised during undernutrition. The present study was designed to evaluate if the attenuated mycobacterium BCG is a safe vaccine for undernourished individuals. An experimental model of undernutrition was established by subjecting BALB/c mice to dietary restriction. These animals received 70% of the amount of food consumed by the healthy control group and exhibited physiological alterations compatible with malnutrition, including body weight loss, reduced levels of triglycerides and glucose, and reduced lymphocyte numbers. Undernourished mice were immunized with BCG, and the mycobacterial loads in lymph nodes, spleen, liver, lungs, and thymus were determined. A much higher proportion of undernourished mice exhibited bacterial dissemination to the lymph nodes, spleen and liver. In addition, only undernourished animals had bacteria in the lungs and thymus. Concomitant with higher mycobacterial loads and more widespread BCG dissemination in undernourished mice, production of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10 was also diminished in these mice. Taken together, these results indicate that BCG infection is more severe in undernourished mice. Whether a similar phenomenon exists in undernourished children or not remains to be thoroughly investigated.

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Nonspecific Protection of Mice against Influenza Virus Infection by Local or Systemic Immunization with Bacille Calmette-Guerin

Cited by 116 publications

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Immunity and protection against influenza virus by synthetic peptide corresponding to antigenic sites of hemagglutinin.

Immunity and protection against influenza virus by synthetic peptide corresponding to antigenic sites of hemagglutinin.

Boosting efferocytosis in alveolar space using BCG vaccine to protect host against influenza pneumonia

Is the BCG Vaccine Safe for Undernourished Individuals?

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