Nonstarch Polysaccharides—‘Neither Sweet Nor Gluey—Adverse?’

Steinberg, Christian

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-87227-4_22

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Furthermore, there is still a lack of systematic studies on the effects of dietary NSPs on fish intestinal development, morphology, and nutrient digestion and absorption. In intensive farming conditions, in order to control the cost and quality of feed, a large amount of plant-based raw materials or binders (e.g., microcrystalline cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose) are inevitably used in the design of feed formulations ( 14 , 25 ), which means that aquatic animals will face the effects of dietary NSPs for a long time. Dietary NSPs may have more extreme effects on carnivorous fish relative to herbivorous and omnivorous fish, because carnivorous fish usually do not have NSPs in their natural diet and their ability to utilize NSPs is relatively lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High dietary non-starch polysaccharides detrimental to nutrient digestibility, digestive enzyme activity, growth performance, and intestinal morphology in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides

et al. 2022

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An 8-weeks feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of different levels of dietary non-starch polysaccharide on the growth, apparent nutrient digestibility, intestinal development, and morphology of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Seven isoproteic and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated (crude protein 47.00%, crude lipid 12.50%), containing 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18% non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) (named Control, NSPs3, NSPs6, NSPs9, NSPs12, NSPs15, and NSPs18), respectively. Dietary inclusion of NSPs below 9% showed no negative impacts on fish growth and feed utilization efficiency, whereas dietary NSPs inclusion level above 9% decreased weight gain rate, specific growth rate, protein efficiency, protein deposition rate, apparent digestibility of dry matter and protein, and were accompanied by a reduction in intestinal protease, Na+/K+-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase activity and an increase in feed intake and feed coefficient. The activity of lipase was significantly decreased when dietary inclusion of 15 and 18% NSPs. Moreover, the lipid deposition rate and the apparent digestibility of lipids were significantly decreased since dietary inclusion of 9% NSPs. Dietary inclusion of NSPs above 12% significantly up-regulated intestinal GLP-2 gene’s expression, and was accompanied by significant changes in hindgut morphology, including increases in villus length and width, muscularis thickness and number of goblet cell, as well as a decrease in crypt depth. Additionally, dietary inclusion of NSPs above 3% significantly increased intestinal length index, and the viserosomatic index was significantly increased when dietary NSPs exceeded 15%. The linear regression analysis based on weight gain rate and feed coefficient showed that the appropriate dietary NSPs level of juvenile largemouth bass should not above 5.51%. In conclusion, high dietary NSPs adversely affects digestive enzyme activity and intestinal morphology, which in turn reduced the apparent digestibility of dietary nutrients and growth of juvenile largemouth bass.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High dietary non-starch polysaccharides detrimental to nutrient digestibility, digestive enzyme activity, growth performance, and intestinal morphology in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides

et al. 2022

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“…Hence, plant feed ingredients usually contain high concentrations of NSPs (Choct, 2015;Cai et al, 2019). Recently, the increasing price of fishmeal has forced the addition of more plant-based feed ingredients in aquafeed to reduce production costs (Steinberg, 2022). In addition, some binders and fillers have also been used in feed formulations to improve the physical quality of the feed, such as wheat bran and rice bran.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) with carboxymethyl cellulose with different viscous: Impacts on nutrient digestibility, growth, and hepatic and gut morphology

et al. 2022

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A 56-day trial investigated the impact of the dietary inclusion of cellulose with different viscosities on the growth, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical indices, and the hepatic and gut morphology of largemouth bass juveniles. Four practical diets (42.50% protein and 13.70% lipid) were designed containing 8% microcrystalline cellulose (MC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) of 2,500, 5,000, and 6,500 mPa s dynamic viscosity [named MC, low-viscosity CMC (Lvs-CMC), medium-viscosity CMC (Mvs-CMC), and high-viscosity CMC (Hvs-CMC) groups, respectively]. Fish of a uniform size (6.0 g) were randomly assigned into 16 cages, with 40 fish per cage. The results showed that the protein and lipid deposition rates, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and the weight gain rate decreased significantly in the CMC groups compared to the MC group, whereas the feed intake and feed coefficient rate exhibited the opposite trend. Moreover, the intestinal Na+/K+-ATPase, alkaline phosphatase, and lipase activities significantly decreased in the Mvs-CMC and Hvs-CMC groups compared to the MC group, as well as the serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and high-/low-density lipoprotein contents. The nutrient apparent digestibility significantly decreased in the CMC groups compared to the MC group. The viscerosomatic and intestinal length indices in the CMC groups and the villus height in the Hvs-CMC group were significantly lower than those in the MC group, whereas the number of gut goblet cells and muscular thickness in the Mvs-CMC and Hvs-CMC groups exhibited opposing results. The results also showed that dietary CMC damaged the hepatic and gut morphology and decreased the digestive enzyme activity, nutrient apparent digestibility, and growth of largemouth bass. In summary, viscosity is the main anti-nutritional effect of dietary CMC and soluble non-starch polysaccharides.

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Low methyl-esterified pectin induces abnormal hepatic lipid deposition in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides

et al. 2023

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Nonstarch Polysaccharides—‘Neither Sweet Nor Gluey—Adverse?’

Cited by 4 publications

References 81 publications

High dietary non-starch polysaccharides detrimental to nutrient digestibility, digestive enzyme activity, growth performance, and intestinal morphology in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides

High dietary non-starch polysaccharides detrimental to nutrient digestibility, digestive enzyme activity, growth performance, and intestinal morphology in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides

Feeding juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) with carboxymethyl cellulose with different viscous: Impacts on nutrient digestibility, growth, and hepatic and gut morphology

Low methyl-esterified pectin induces abnormal hepatic lipid deposition in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides

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