“…The electron transport-related properties of the manganites are associated with the simultaneous presence in their structure of manganese cations in different charged states that appear in response to heterovalent doping and oxygen loss. One of the powerful tools to understand the ensuing defect structure in the manganites is the analysis of the plots of oxygen nonstoichiometry δ vs. oxygen partial pressure p O 2 at different temperatures T, the so-called p O 2 -Т-δ diagrams [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. For instance, it is shown that the equilibrium of manganese species in La 1−x А x MnO 3−δ at х ≤0.5 depends strongly on charge disproportionation reaction 2Mn 3+ =Mn 2+ +Mn 4+ [10,11,13,14].…”