Nonstructural Carbohydrate Concentrations in Dormant Grapevine Scionwood and Rootstock Impact Propagation Success and Vine Growth

Abstract

<jats:p>Objectives of this study were to quantify starch and soluble sugar concentrations in wine grape (<jats:italic>Vitis</jats:italic> sp<jats:italic>.</jats:italic>) scionwood and rootstock material, and to examine relationships between carbohydrate (CHO) metrics and both grafting success and shoot growth. CHOs of three wine grape scionwood cultivars [Merlot and Riesling (<jats:italic>Vitis vinifera</jats:italic>) and Vidal blanc (<jats:italic>Vitis</jats:italic> sp.)] harvested from four separate vineyards in the Niagara Peninsula in Ontario were analyzed for starch, total CHOs, total sugars, sucrose, monosaccharides (glucose, fructose), and oligosaccharides (raffinose, stachyose) to determine if CHO differences existed between scionwood cultivar and site, and whether these impacted propagation success when grafted to two different rootstocks [‘3309 Couderc’ (3309) and ‘101-14 Millardet et de Grasset’ (101-14) (<jats:italic>V. riparia</jats:italic> × <jats:italic>V. rupestris</jats:italic>)]. Differences in CHOs existed between vineyards for all cultivars, and their relationship with propagation success was most evident with ‘Vidal blanc’. Differences were also observed between sites for some cultivars in terms of grafting success and shoot length of grafted vines. Hot water treatment (HWT) of rootstock increased total sugars, glucose, fructose, and stachyose in 3309, and led to lower starch, total CHOs, and higher sucrose in 101-14 when measured immediately following HWT. At time of grafting, HWT 3309 had lower starch sucrose and raffinose, and higher glucose, fructose, and total sugars compared with non-HWT material, whereas HWT 101-14 contained lower total sugars, raffinose, and sucrose and higher stachyose and glucose. Stachyose, raffinose, sucrose, glucose, fructose, and total sugars in scionwood at time of grafting were correlated with propagation success. However, CHOs at time of scionwood collection in February did not correlate to successful propagation. Relationships between scion viability of all cultivars vs. stachyose and total sugars for both rootstocks suggested a possible relationship between these CHO metrics and propagation success. Differences likewise existed between propagation success on rootstocks 3309 and 101-14 on most occasions with 3309 displaying higher percent scion viability and shoot growth. This may be of particular importance in grafting difficult-to-propagate rootstock cultivars.</jats:p>

Increasing Survival of Splice-grafted Watermelon Seedlings Using a Sucrose Application

“…Sucrose may improve callus formation and connectivity of vascular bundles at the graft interface (Hunter et al, 2004;Ogata et al, 2005). Phillips et al (2015) suggested that in grafted grapes, an increased concentration of soluble sugars, which consisted primarily of sucrose in rootstock seedlings, could increase the survival of grafted plants. More studies are needed to evaluate different levels of sucrose concentration to optimize watermelon grafting success.…”

“…This phenomenon, in turn, can impact the time required for callus formation and grafting success. Bartolini et al (1996) suggested that there is a positive relationship between carbohydrate level and callus formation in grafted grape where increased carbohydrate content of rootstock seedlings led to an increase in the survival rate of grafted transplants (Phillips et al, 2015).…”

Effect of Pre-Grafting Incubation and Grafted Cuttings Positionon Grape Grafting Success

“…The results showed that pre-grafting incubation together with upright incubation position during callusing processingincreased callus degree and percent which results in increasing scion bud break and rootstock rooting then grafting success), Since according to Rongting & Pinghai (1993 scion moisture may be positively correlated with callus formation and growththese increases and the consequently grafting success can be explained by to their effect on grafts moisture. Its effect may be similar to those obtained by hot water treatments as soaking scion wood in water for 12 hr prior to grafting ensures hydration of the plant tissues necessary for vigorous shoot growth and also, increased total sugars soluble sugars while decreased starch, total charbohydrates in some grapvine rootstocks (Phillips et al, 2015). positionposition…”

“…There are many factors involved in the grafting success such as the rooting ability of the rootstock, type of graft, fungal infection of cut surfaces and particularly callus formation (Halbrooks, 1985). Callus formation is a key factor in the development of the graft union and subsequent grafting success (Phillips et al, 2015). Carbohydrates, plant hormones (Vrsic et al, 2015 andHartmann et al, 2002), low amount of phenols and high amount of indoles are required for grafted material at grafting unionearly for successful callus formation to ensure grape grafting success (Stino et al, 2011).…”

Cycle, physicochemical characterization and climatic adaptation of a white hybrid grape on different rootstocks

“…The interaction between rootstock and canopy is fundamental for the most important V. vinifera cultivars, such as Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, but it is less pronounced for interspecific hybrids because these materials are rustic (Barros et al 2015;Phillips et al 2015). Most cultivated hybrids are usually from crosses with North American species of Vitis, which provide better homogeneity when these varieties are grafted onto many rootstocks from the same region (Corso et al 2015;Nimbolkar et al 2016;Bascuñán-Godoy et al 2017).…”