Nonstructural Carbohydrate Utilization by Sorghum and Maize Shaded during Grain Growth

Kiniry, James R.; Tischler, C. R.; Rosenthal, W. D.; Gerik, T. J.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1992.0011183x003200010029x

Cited by 56 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…The response of KW to biomass availability per kernel is supported by soluble nonstructural carbohydrate concentration data at physiological maturity. Internode nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations were in agreement with data obtained by Kiniry et al (1992) In their unshaded plants without ear (i.e., highest source–sink ratio), soluble nonstructural carbohydrate concentration reached maximum values of 360 ± 20 mg g −1 (i.e., slightly above maximum values registered for the DK664). On the other hand, this concentration was between 30 ± 10 and 110 ± 20 mg g −1 in their shaded plants with ear (i.e., lowest source–sink ratio).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Maize Kernel Weight Response to Postflowering Source–Sink Ratio

2001

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period. An early study (Reddy and Daynard, 1983) showed that the number of endosperm cells was es-In maize (Zea mays L.), the negative effects of increased stand tablished during the lag phase, and that this number densities on final kernel weight (KW) are attributed to reductions in was related to kernel sink potential (Jones et al., 1985). the effective grain-filling period, and not in kernel growth rate. This suggests that competition for assimilates among kernels only occurs atOn the other hand, in an in vitro study, Hanft et al. the last stages of grain filling. To test this hypothesis, two commercial (1986) observed that assimilate supply during the grainhybrids of different KW were grown at two stand densities (3 and 9 filling period affected final KW, regardless of endoplants m Ϫ2 ) during 1998 to 1999 and 1999 to 2000. Pollination treatsperm cell number. Similar results were obtained with ments were performed in order to modify kernel number per plant maize cropped at contrasting sowing dates (Cirilo and (KNP) and to obtain a range of source-sink ratios. Pollination treat-Andrade, 1996) or with reductions in KNP at flowering ments altered KNP, and negative relationships were established bein a related species like sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) tween KW and KNP, with no differences between years. On the basis Moench; Kiniry, 1988), where significant differences in of regression analysis of the response of KW to changes in KNP, KW KW could not be attributed to the number of endoincreased between 0.09 to 0.28 mg kernel Ϫ1 per unit decrease in KNP, sperm cells. depending on stand density and genotype. The theoretical potential KW was independent of preanthesis plant population effects, which When maize source-sink ratio was altered only during affected ear growth significantly (P Ͻ0.01). Kernel weight was closely the effective grain-filling period (i.e., after the lag related to variations in kernel growth rate during the effective grainphase), KW varied in relation to the level of assimilate filling period (r 2 ϭ 0.84; P Ͻ0.001), and not to modifications in the (C1417DSE), Argentina. Received 11 Dec. 2000. *Corresponding author (borras@agro.uba.ar). Abbreviations: DAS, d after silking; KNP, kernel number per plant; KW, kernel weight; TT, thermal time.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Maize Kernel Weight Response to Postflowering Source–Sink Ratio

2001

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“…It would be tricky to accept that basal grains would be equally restricted in access to assimilate as apical grains. The fact that stem reserves are reduced in response to treatments diminishing actual photosynthesis during grain filling ( Jones and Simmons, 1983;Kiniry et al, 1992) can explain why grain growth may still be sink limited in defoliated plants. This hierarchical response has been empirically determined since early work by Daynard and Duncan (1969) studying what determines the maturity of maize grains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maize Grain Weight Sensitivity to Source–Sink Manipulations under a Wide Range of Field Conditions

et al. 2018

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Physiological causes for grain weight determination in maize (Zea mays L.) are not clear. Source–sink relationships during grain filling modulate grain weight, and there are controversies regarding the degree of source limitation that may exist during grain filling. We aimed to analyze likely causes of the responsiveness of maize grain weight to defoliation and degraining treatments imposed 15 d after silking, quantifying the responsiveness of grain weight to these source–sink manipulations in a large number of field conditions (52 background conditions in which source–sink manipulations were imposed). Grain weight was largely unresponsive to increases in source availability but was diminished by defoliations in six out of seven experiments. Interestingly, grain weight reductions due to defoliation were not hierarchical (grains from different positions along the ear responded similarly) and were not worsened by imposing a simultaneous heat stress. Heat affected the grain growth capacity directly, and indirect effects (through reducing source strength due to accelerated senescence) were not evident. The penalty imposed by heat was neither increased by defoliation nor diminished by degraining, and the reduction in grain weight was similar for grains with different potential size. Our study reinforced the concept that maize yield is limited by the sink strength during grain filling, even when grain weight may respond to reductions in the grain filling source–sink ratio.

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“…Maize yields generally higher in temperate region than in tropical zone the main reason is temperature and solar radiation conjunctions [5]. For 4500 years, maize has had a important role in the lives and the development of the cultural history of the peoples of world [6]. High plant density is a good strategy to obtain high yield [7,8] to meet the current and future food necessities of high population and their rising dietary needs [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Maize Grown Under High Plant Density; Performance, Issues and Management - A Critical Review

Sher¹,

Khan²,

Cai³

et al. 2017

Adv Crop Sci Tech

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Modern cropping is based on relatively high plant density. The improved grain yield per unit area of modern maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids is due to the increased optimum plant population rather than the improved grain yield per plant. High plant density has been widely used to enhance grain yield in maize. Subsequently we review the effect of planting density on physiology, phenology, morphology, nitrogen use efficiency, water use efficiency grain yield information in maize crop. At higher plant populations reduced grain yield also results from the increased pollento-silking interval and the following barrenness. However, it may lead to higher risk lodging hence causing significant yield loss of the crop. Future insights are morphological and physiological basis controlling barren and stalk lodging resistance. How root traits, and anatomy of sheath and stem of maize plants correspond to high plant population and a further study on the physiological and biological basis of organ development that may govern the mechanisms of high plant density would be essential for future research.

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Nonstructural Carbohydrate Utilization by Sorghum and Maize Shaded during Grain Growth

Cited by 56 publications

References 0 publications

Maize Kernel Weight Response to Postflowering Source–Sink Ratio

Maize Kernel Weight Response to Postflowering Source–Sink Ratio

Maize Grain Weight Sensitivity to Source–Sink Manipulations under a Wide Range of Field Conditions

Response of Maize Grown Under High Plant Density; Performance, Issues and Management - A Critical Review

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