“…Dr. Okuda's command of English, about which he taught, published books and even committed to gramophone record, was key in exporting the Chiba needle technique to the rest of the world. In his landmark article, 42 Okuda reported the results of "skinny needle cholangiography" on 314 patients gathered from his own experience and from colleagues and former trainees. Among patients with surgical hepatobiliary conditions, the success of the procedure for malignancies, gallstone disease and bile duct abnormalities was 100, 83, and 83%, respectively, of whom 25 patients or 8% had complications, such as fever, hypotension, bile leak, biliary peritonitis, bleeding or coughing.…”