Nonsusceptibility to otitis media of the laboratory gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus

Means, Larry W.; Daniel, Hal J.; Jordan, Lillian H.; Loesche, Patricia

doi:10.3758/bf03337511

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Gerbils are known to have a low incidence of otitis media when reared under laboratory conditions (4,26). Although anatomy, maintenance of an upright stance for prolonged periods ( tribute to this natural resistance to otitis media, the nasopharyngeal bacterial flora may additionally act as a barrier to the carriage and establishment of the common etiological agents of the disease (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental otitis media in gerbils and chinchillas with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and other aerobic and anaerobic bacteria

Fulghum¹,

Brinn²,

Smith³

et al. 1982

Infect Immun

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To ascertain the usefulness of Mongolian gerbils as an inbred model for otitis media, 52 Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus, strain MON/Tum) were compared with 26 chinchillas (Chinchilla laniger) for susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and a polymicrobic culture including anaerobes (Streptococcus intermedius, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Corynebacterium sp.). Organisms were inoculated percutaneously into the superior chamber of the middle ear bulla. The gerbils and chinchillas shared similar susceptibilities and responses to the inoculated organisms as determined by X-ray, otoscopic, histopathological, and microbiological determinations at 5 to 7 days. Koch's postulate studies proved the role of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae in the pathology found in both animal models. The animals were also susceptible to the polymicrobic culture, although the relative virulence of the individual members of this mixture was low, suggesting that these species potentiated as a polymicrobic mixture. The Corynebacterium sp. appeared to elicit the greatest histopathological response in chronic (8-week) studies in gerbils. The gerbils were found to be useful as an alternative animal model for the study of otitis media of bacterial etiology. bils to otitis media when inoculated with Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3, H. influenzae type 802 on July 16, 2020 by guest

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental otitis media in gerbils and chinchillas with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and other aerobic and anaerobic bacteria

Fulghum¹,

Brinn²,

Smith³

et al. 1982

Infect Immun

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show abstract

“…Gerbils meet the criteria of Lewis et al (24) for an acceptable model of otitic infection. Although having a low incidence of natural otitis media (30), gerbils have been found in preliminary work in our laboratory to be susceptible to laboratory-induced otitis media due to Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3, to H. influenzae type b, and to the polymicrobic infections (11) found in some children.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Indigenous nasopharyngeal, auditory canal, and middle ear bacterial flora of gerbils: animal model for otitis media

Thompson¹,

Gardner²,

Fulghum³

et al. 1981

Infect Immun

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The indigenous microbial flora of the middle ear cavity of Mongolian gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus, was isolated, characterized, and identified, showing it to be sparse and transitory. Organisms, when found in the middle ear cavity, were most likely to be Staphylococcus epidennidis-like organisms. Cerumen from the external autitory canal of these animals yielded mostly staphylococci, coryneforms, and other gram-positive rods, including some anaerobic species. The nasopharynx supported a flora consisting mainly of staphylococci, lactobacilli, and coryneforms, with a smaller incidence and numbers of many other species, including Acinetobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas, and some anaerobic species. No mycoplasmas were cultured or seen in scanning electron microscope studies. None of the major pathogens of human otitis media were found; therefore, Mongolian gerbils are microbiologically acceptable candidates as a model for induced otitis media, using organisms isolated from human otitic infections.

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“…Laboratory rats, gerbils, and chinchillas are frequently used as models in OM research (Daniel et al, 1971(Daniel et al, , 1973Means et al, 1975;Daniel and Loesche, 1975, Loesche et al, 1980 Giebink et al, 1980;Lewis et al, 1980), and within the last decade, rhesus monkeys have been suggested as suitable (Miller and Donaldson, 1976; Rood, 1979, 1980;Cantekin et al, 1982). Findings derived from studies on these species are equivalent only if it is assumed that gerbils, chinchillas, rats, and rhesus monkeys serve as equally good animal models for human OM.…”

Section: Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We think there are more advantages than disadvantages to using chinchillas and gerbils rather than rats to study OM. The former are relatively free of naturally occurring OM (Means et al, 1975;Daniel et al, 1982) while the laboratory rat has a high incidence of naturally occurring OM (Daniel et al, 1971(Daniel et al, , 1973. The Mongolian gerbil is also available as an inbred animal strain.…”

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confidence: 99%

Otitis media: A problem for the physical anthropologist

Daniel

Schmidt

Fulghum

et al. 1988

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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Otitis media, common in children, can result in middle ear structure alteration and hearing loss, and, hence, in language development deficiency. Physical anthropologists are qualified to do innovative research into the causes of this costly disease, which have not yet been delineated. The prevalence of otitis media appears related to age, sex, ethnicity, and environment. Investigation is warranted in areas such as the measurement of variability in eustachian tube, middle ear cleft, and mastoid process anatomy and physiology; the epidemiology and genetic mechanism of otitis media; and the microbiology and immunology as well as pathological studies of cranial variation as it relates to otitis media.Otitis media (OM), one of the most common diseases of childhood, is the problem most frequently seen by pediatricians in the US. Nearly 10% of all pediatric patients are those with OM, and if pediatricians dealt with children during their first year of life only, the estimate would be as high as 50% (Van Cauwenberge, 1985). Acute OM, the presence of fluid in the middle ear, may be accompanied by signs and symptoms including pain, hearing loss, irritability, fever, and malaise. The infection duration can vary from days to months and may result in alteration of middle ear structures, hearing loss, language development deficiency, and increased susceptibility to recurrence. Without the use of antibiotics, the sequelae of chronic OM often include labyrinthitis, meningitis, mastoiditis, tympanic membrane rupture, and cholesteatoma. The younger the age at which OM first occurs, the greater the risk of recurrences (Paradise, 1980). The condition may persist for weeks or months, even after the clinical signs of acute otitis media have already resolved (Shurin et al., 1979).Hearing loss, following from the presence of fluid and/or negative pressure in the middle ear, is a serious complication of OM, and many infected children spend prolonged periods during their first years of life with impaired or fluctuating conductive hearing losses. Chronic OM may also cause a sensorineural hearing lossoften irreversible (Bess, 1983). Katz (1978) even suggested (but never demonstrated) that the central deprivation caused by the peripheral conductive and/or sensorineural loss produces a form of auditory deprivation that can lead to anatomical and physiological changes in the brainstem and higher cortical areas.Of special concern are children who have OM from birth (Pestalozza, 1984) to age 3 years, a particularly common time of occurrence, as this period is critical for language acquisition (Lenneberg, 1967). Children with histories of OM during the first 3 years of life frequently have disturbances in auditory processing, an inconsistent auditory signal making the stream of speech difficult to segment. This difficulty creates confusion in the child's attempts to abstract word meanings and grammatical regularities (Berko-Gleason, 1983). Furthermore, the child's irritability, malaise, 0 1988 Alan R. Liss, Inc. [Vol. 31, 1988 and dec...

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Nonsusceptibility to otitis media of the laboratory gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Experimental otitis media in gerbils and chinchillas with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and other aerobic and anaerobic bacteria

Experimental otitis media in gerbils and chinchillas with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and other aerobic and anaerobic bacteria

Indigenous nasopharyngeal, auditory canal, and middle ear bacterial flora of gerbils: animal model for otitis media

Otitis media: A problem for the physical anthropologist

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