Nontargeted screening reveals fluorotelomer ethoxylates in indoor dust and industrial wastewater

Steeves, Katherine L; Bissram, Meera J.; Kleywegt, Sonya; Stevens, Douglas E.; Dorman, Frank L.; Simpson, André J.; Simpson, Myrna J.; Cahill, Lindsay S.; Jobst, Karl J.

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107634

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Electrochemical fluorination (ECF)-based neutral PFAS were measured in ambient air near landfills in prior studies, − but were less than LOD in the LFG samples in the present study (Table ). A larger-scale study is required to better understand if the lack of ECF-based PFAS is due to landfill age/cell closure, given that the production of ECF-based neutral PFAS ceased in the early 2000s ,,, and/or due to the proximity of landfill to ECF industries. , Sources of FTOHs may include degradation of FT-based fluoropolymers, ,,− side-chain fluorinated polymers, ,,− or from residual FTOHs in consumer products, ,,− as well as in side-chain fluorinated polymers; , meanwhile, FTAcs are known precursors to FTOHs. , To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of 12:2 FTO associated with landfills. The 12:2 FTO was previously measured in ambient air, not associated with landfills. − Five other target PFAS were detected at less than LOQ, but greater than LOD, including 6:2 FTI (Table ), which was previously measured in ambient air surrounding a landfill …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutral Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in In Situ Landfill Gas by Thermal Desorption–Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Titaley

Cruz

Barlaz

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Landfills receive over half of the municipal solid waste generated in the U.S. Wastes in landfills include consumer products, some of which are known to contain of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Although the occurrence of nonvolatile (ionic) PFAS in landfill leachate is established and volatile (neutral) PFAS are found in ambient air near landfills, the neutral PFAS composition of landfill gas (LFG) collected in situ from landfills is unknown. A thermal desorption−gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) sampling and analysis approach was optimized for the quantification of 25 target neutral PFAS, including fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) and five other PFAS classes, in landfill from a gas well or header pipe. Optimized LFG sampling parameters included the use of an explosion-proof pump, a 100 mL/min flow rate through a sorbent tube, and a LFG volume of 350 mL. The method was applied to LFG samples collected from southeastern U.S. landfills for method demonstration. Fluorotelomer alcohols were found at the highest levels, ranging from 830,000−4,900,000 pg/m 3 , which is approximately 2 orders of magnitude greater than FTOH levels reported in ambient air collected near landfills.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutral Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in In Situ Landfill Gas by Thermal Desorption–Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Titaley

Cruz

Barlaz

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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“…6 : 2 FTEOs were used as they were the most prevalent in indoor dust and industrial wastewater. 10 The concentrations were selected based on reported concentrations of other PFAS in drinking water 22,23 and the upper end of concentrations of individual FTEOs found in industrial wastewater. 10 At GD17.5, high-frequency ultrasound was conducted to measure blood ow in the umbilical artery (UA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA).…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Recently, our group conducted nontargeted screening 9 in industrial wastewater and indoor dust and found uorotelomer ethoxylates (FTEOs) at concentrations similar to toxic PFAS such as PFOA and PFOS. 10 FTEOs were detected in 9/15 indoor dust samples and 14/37 industrial wastewater samples, with higher concentrations associated with industries such as healthcare, electroplating, cosmetics and personal care products, and linen cleaning. Due to the variety of locations in which FTEOs were found, they likely have many different applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorotelomer ethoxylates cause developmental toxicity in mice

Steeves,

Hanrahan,

Harvey

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci.: Adv.

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“…The instrument also offers the capability of detecting thousands of chemical compounds, providing more detailed information on plastics and their additives than what can be obtained using standard pyr-GC-MS. This means that plastics and plastic additives can be identified without prior knowledge of their occurrence using an approach coined nontargeted screening. , Our study aimed to (i) develop a quantitative method for detecting common plastics in size-resolved indoor dust particulate matter (ranging from 56 nm to 18 μm) by Pyr-GCxcIMS, (ii) evaluate the effectiveness of soft ionization (APCI), tandem mass spectrometry, and ion mobility to identify plastics in these particles, and (iii) apply the method to the indoor environment to demonstrate proof of concept that the concentration of MNPs can be determined simultaneously with the plastics additives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-Resolved Identification and Quantification of Micro/Nanoplastics in Indoor Air Using Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography–Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry

Hashemihedeshi,

Haywood,

Gatch

et al. 2024

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Humans are exposed to differing levels of micro/nanoplastics (MNPs) through inhalation, but few studies have attempted to measure <1 μm MNPs in air, in part due to a paucity of analytical methods. We developed an approach to identify and quantify MNPs in indoor air using a novel pyrolysis gas chromatographic cyclic ion mobility mass spectrometer (pyr-GCxcIMS). Four common plastic types were targeted for identification, namely, (polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The method was applied to size-resolved particulate (56 nm to 18 μm) collected from two different indoor environments using a Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactors (MOUDI) model 110 cascade impactor. Comprehensive two-dimensional separation by GCxcIMS also enabled the retrospective analysis of other polymers and plastic additives. The mean concentrations of MNP particles with diameters of <10 μm and <2.5 μm in the laboratory were estimated to be 47 ± 5 and 27 ± 4 μg/m 3 , respectively. In the private residence, the estimated concentrations were 24 ± 3 and 16 ± 2 μg/m 3 . PS was the most abundant MNP type in both locations. Nontargeted screening revealed the presence of plastic additives, such as TDCPP (tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate) whose abundance correlated with that of polyurethane (PU). This is consistent with their use as flame retardants in PU-based upholstered furniture and building insulation. This study provides evidence of indoor exposure to MNPs and underlines the need for further study of this route of exposure to MNPs and the plastic additives carried with them.

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Nontargeted screening reveals fluorotelomer ethoxylates in indoor dust and industrial wastewater

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Neutral Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in In Situ Landfill Gas by Thermal Desorption–Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Neutral Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in In Situ Landfill Gas by Thermal Desorption–Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Fluorotelomer ethoxylates cause developmental toxicity in mice

Size-Resolved Identification and Quantification of Micro/Nanoplastics in Indoor Air Using Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography–Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry

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