Nontraumatic sports death in high school and college athletes

Camp, Steven P. Van; Bloor, C. M.; Mueller, Frederick O.; Cantu, Robert C.; Olson, Heather

doi:10.1249/00005768-199505000-00005

Cited by 512 publications

(337 citation statements)

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“…6 The order of the most common etiologies of SCD in adolescents is HCM, anomalous coronary artery, myocarditis, ruptured aortic aneurysm, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. 5 Although the prevalence of SCD among athletes is quite low, estimated to be between 1/10,000 and 1/300,000 athletes, 7,8 SCD has a large impact and receives much attention when an otherwise fit young person dies suddenly. The most prevalent coronary artery abnormalities in an otherwise fit individual are an anomalous left main coronary artery from the right sinus of Valsalva or the RCA from the left sinus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden cardiac death associated with an extremely rare coronary anomaly of the left and right coronary arteries arising exclusively from the posterior (noncoronary) sinus of valsalva

Catanzaro¹,

Makaryus²,

Catanese³

2005

Clin Cardiol

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Summary: Congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries are relatively uncommon conditions and have been associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD) in children. Although anomalous coronary artery distribution is widely reported in the literature, no articles to date address the origin of both the right (RCA) and left coronary arteries (LCA) from the posterior (noncoronary) sinus of Valsalva. This is a report of a 16-yearold black male in good health, who collapsed and was unable to be resuscitated after physical exertion while playing basketball. In this patient, postmortem evaluation revealed the LCA and RCA originating exclusively from the posterior (noncoronary) sinus with acute angle takeoff of the LCA which likely lead to ischemia, causing SCD. We discuss the incidence of coronary artery anomalies and the proposed mechanisms that led to SCD in these patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden cardiac death associated with an extremely rare coronary anomaly of the left and right coronary arteries arising exclusively from the posterior (noncoronary) sinus of valsalva

Catanzaro¹,

Makaryus²,

Catanese³

2005

Clin Cardiol

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“…The extent of the required screening remains unclear, however. The majority of sudden cardiac deaths in young athletes is linked to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which can be difficult to identify [39,63]. Because only a few patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have subaortic stenosis, a cardiac murmur may be absent [37,43].…”

Section: Preparticipation Physicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies suggest the risk of a young athlete dying from a cardiac-related disease is between one in 217,000 and 300,000 participants per year in the United States, or approximately 10 deaths a year [39,63]. The three leading causes of cardiac-related deaths in athletes appear to be hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (36%), coronary artery anomalies (19%), and increased cardiac mass not diagnostic of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (10%) [38].…”

Section: Preparticipation Physicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Malpractice and the Sports Medicine Clinician

Kane

White

2009

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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More individuals are participating in athletics today than ever before. Physicians treating athletes confront unique diagnostic and treatment challenges and an increased risk of legal liability. The key areas regarding liability are preparticipation examinations, determination of eligibility, evaluation of significant on-field injuries, and information disclosure. The issues surrounding preparticipation physicals and determination of eligibility are closely linked. Physicians must be prepared to seek guidance from specialists, particularly when there are cardiac, spinal, or neurologic issues. Appropriate on-field evaluation of potential concussions, spinal injuries, and heat stroke are key areas of concern for the physician. Privacy issues have become more complex in the age of federal regulation. Physicians and all athletic staff should be aware of privacy laws and ensure proper consent documentation is obtained from all athletes or their parents. All athletic programs should develop a plan that details roles and procedures to be followed in a medical emergency. Sports caregivers must take affirmative steps that better protect their patients from harm and physicians from legal liability.

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“…1 Authors of the best available studies estimate the incidence of SCD in high school athletes to be 1:100 000 to 1:200 000. 2,3 The estimated incidence of SCD in college-aged athletes is slightly higher, ranging from 1:65 000 to 1:69 000. 2,11 However, with no mandatory national reporting or surveillance system, the true incidence of SCA/SCD in athletes is unknown, and prior reports may have underestimated the actual occurrence of SCA/ SCD in young athletes.…”

Section: Causes Of Sudden Cardiac Death In Young Athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Athletes are considered the healthiest members of our society, and their unexpected death during training or competition is a catastrophic event that stimulates debate regarding both preparticipation screening evaluations and appropriate emergency planning for athletic events. Despite preparticipation screening, healthy-appearing competitive athletes may harbor unsuspected cardiovascular diseases with the potential to cause sudden death.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter Association Task Force Recommendations on Emergency Preparedness andManagement of Sudden Cardiac Arrest in High School andCollege Athletic Programs: A Consensus Statement

Drezner

Courson

Roberts

et al. 2007

Prehospital Emergency Care

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Objective: To assist high school and college athletic programs prepare for and respond to a sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). This consensus statement summarizes our current understanding of SCA in young athletes, defines the necessary elements for emergency preparedness, and establishes uniform treatment protocols for the management of SCA.Background: Sudden cardiac arrest is the leading cause of death in young athletes. The increasing presence of and timely access to automated external defibrillators (AEDs) at sporting events provides a means of early defibrillation and the potential for effective secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death. An Inter-Association Task Force was sponsored by the National Athletic Trainers' Association to develop consensus recommendations on emergency preparedness and management of SCA in athletes.Recommendations: Comprehensive emergency planning is needed for high school and college athletic programs to ensure an efficient and structured response to SCA. Essential elements of an emergency action plan include establishment of an effective communication system, training of anticipated responders in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and AED use, access to an AED for early defibrillation, acquisition of necessary emergency equipment, coordination and integration of on-site responder and AED programs with the local emergency medical services system, and practice and review of the response plan. Prompt recognition of SCA, early activation of the emergency medical services system, the presence of a trained rescuer to initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and access to early defibrillation are critical in the management of SCA. In any collapsed and unresponsive athlete, SCA should be suspected and an AED applied as soon as possible for rhythm analysis and defibrillation if indicated.Key Words: sudden cardiac death, athletes, emergency action plan, automated external defibrillators S udden cardiac arrest (SCA) is the leading cause of death in young athletes. 1,2 Athletes are considered the healthiest members of our society, and their unexpected death during training or competition is a catastrophic event that stimulates debate regarding both preparticipation screening evaluations and appropriate emergency planning for athletic events. Despite preparticipation screening, healthy-appearing competitive athletes may harbor unsuspected cardiovascular diseases with the potential to cause sudden death. 3 With the increasing availability of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) at athletic events, there is potential for effective secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD). The presence and timely access of AEDs at sporting venues provide a means of early defibrillation not only for athletes but also for spectators, coaches, officials, event staff, and other attendees on campus in the case of an unexpected SCA.Many health-related organizations have guidelines for managing SCA during athletic practices and competitions. However, these guidelines have not directly linked emergency planning and...

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Nontraumatic sports death in high school and college athletes

Cited by 512 publications

References 0 publications

Sudden cardiac death associated with an extremely rare coronary anomaly of the left and right coronary arteries arising exclusively from the posterior (noncoronary) sinus of valsalva

Sudden cardiac death associated with an extremely rare coronary anomaly of the left and right coronary arteries arising exclusively from the posterior (noncoronary) sinus of valsalva

Medical Malpractice and the Sports Medicine Clinician

Inter Association Task Force Recommendations on Emergency Preparedness andManagement of Sudden Cardiac Arrest in High School andCollege Athletic Programs: A Consensus Statement

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