Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections in Children

Bhattacharya, Jyotsna; Mohandas, Sindhu; Goldman, David L.

doi:10.1542/pir.2018-0131

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The treatment regimens varies according to species and the major difference being between slow versus rapid growing mycobacteria (7,88,89). For most SGM, the treatment regimens include rifampicin (rifapentine or rifabutin), ethambutol and a macrolide (azithromycin or clarithromycin), administered for 18 to 24 months, amikacin or streptomycin added in the initial 3 to 6 months in cases of severe disease.…”

Section: Management and Treatment Of Ntmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Humans, Animals, and Water in Zambia: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals that are emerging with a serious public health impact particularly in individuals with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndromes. Recent scientific evidence is shifting from NTMs being known as traditional environmental organisms to serious pathogenic organisms in both animals and humans. In humans, factors attributable to this rise have been linked mainly to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome pandemic. In recent years there has been an increase in multidrug resistant Tuberculosis in Zambia and it is thought that NTMs could possibly be the cause. This study was therefore formulated to review available information on the prevalence of NTM in humans, animals and the environment, species distribution, zoonotic potential and public health importance in Zambia. This review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was done in PubMed and Google scholar using predefined search terms such as ‘nontuberculous mycobacteria’, ‘atypical mycobacteria’, ‘mycobacteria other than mycobacterium tuberculosis’ and ‘Zambia’, in combination with Boolean operators (AND, OR). This particular systematic review draws findings based on literature search between 2000 and 2020. Through literature search 243 papers were identified, 23 duplicates were identified and removed and 206 articles were excluded as they did not meet the inclusion criteria. The full text of the remaining 14 articles were considered for this review. The overall prevalence of NTM in humans was 24.39%, in water 21.5%, in animals 16.05% of which the prevalence in cattle was 14.81% and Kafue Lechwe 1.23%. Mycobacterium intracellulare was the most common isolated nontuberculous mycobacteria in humans and cattle while Mycobacterium gordonae was the most common in water, and Mycobacterium stomatepiae sp Nov in Kafue Lechwe. Nontuberculous mycobacteria are an emerging public health threat in Zambia both in humans and animals and this calls for the need for molecular information on the zoonotic transmission of nontuberculous mycobacteria. Increased awareness of nontuberculous mycobacteria diseases among clinicians and laboratory personnel is crucial for patient management and an essential step for facilitating the identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria species in laboratories.

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Section: Management and Treatment Of Ntmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Humans, Animals, and Water in Zambia: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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“…Hundreds of species exist, but Mycobacterium avium complex is most commonly implicated in lymphadenitis . These bacteria are believed to have primarily environmental (soil or water) origins . In children, this most commonly involves submandibular or cervical nodes and, less frequently, the preauricular, sublingual, and parotid lymph nodes …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Perplexing Pediatric Parotid Mass

Rist

Bağlam

Pecha

2022

JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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“…Because this bacterium has a tendency to grow at low temperatures, skin lesions often appear on the extremities and can manifest as erythema, papules, nodules, abscesses, nodular lymphangitis, and vasculitis. 4 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%