Nontuberculous mycobacterial skin disease in cat; diagnosis and treatment – Case report

Abstract

Introduction. Mycobacterial diseases of humans and animals can be caused by mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT). The transmission of the infection primarily occurs via the respiratory or oral routes, but also via a damaged skin barrier. MOTT have high resistance to external factors; therefore, infected, undiagnosed animals can pose a risk for public health. Case report. The case study describes mycobacterial skin infection in a domestic cat. The correct diagnosis was reached four months after the appearance of the first clinical signs. Those were purulent, granulomatous lesions and fistulas, which could potentially act as a source of the infection for the owners and the veterinarian who cared for the animal. Conclusion. Despite using advanced diagnostic techniques, establishing the final cause of the cat's illness was a lengthy process. The skin lesions could contribute to the transmission of the bacteria in the environment. Non-targeted treatments could also cause antimicrobial resistance.

Multidrug-resistant Mycolicibacterium fortuitum infection in a companion cat (Felis silvestris catus) in Brazil

“…Companion animals, especially cats and dogs, that are susceptible to these infections may pose a public health risk. In addition, mycobacteriosis can be difficult to diagnose and lengthy to treat [ 9, 11, 20 ]. A common aetiological agent in mycobacterial disease is Mycolicibacterium fortuitum , an organism ubiquitous in the environment with a typical clinical presentation in skin and soft tissue [ 21 ].…”

“…There are reports from different parts of the world of mycobacteriosis in cats indicating a prevalence of M. fortuitum as the etiologic agent. Usually, cats present skin infections in the form of non-healing ulcerative pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis [7][8][9][10][11]. In other animals, such as cattle, M. fortuitum can cause chronic mastitis [12].…”

“…Recently, a genomic study revealed that a set of genes associated with resistance to these antibiotics (a ph(3’’)-Ic , aac(2’)-Ib , arr -1, bla F, erm 39, rbp A, rox , and tap ) appears to be ubiquitous in M. fortuitum species [ 16 ]. Since treatment of mycobacteriosis is long-term, isolation and antibiotic susceptibility assays are recommended to avoid delays in treatment [ 9–11 ]. Here we present the first reported case of a companion cat ( Felis silvestris catus ) with mycobacteriosis caused by M. fortuitum in Brazil.…”

Pulmonary mycobacteriosis of sitatunga antelope caused by <i>M. avium</i> ssp. <i>hominissuis</i>

“…Krajewska et al described mycobacterial skin infection in domestic cat that were correctly diagnosed four months after the first clinical symptoms appeared. The cat had extensive purulent lesions and fistulas that could potentially be a source of infection for the owners and the veterinarian caring for the animal [14].…”

Macroscopical changes in the heart and blood vessels of household and decorative birds with tuberculosis

“…Актуальність теми. Проблемі зв'язку розвитку патологій людей та тварин із інфікуванням нетуберкульозними мікобактеріями, зокрема, Mycobacterium avium complex, присвячена численна кількість публікацій (Crilly, Ayeh, & Karakousis, 2021;Zhurylo, Barbova, & Cladkova, 2020;Ratnatunga et al, 2020;Azar, Zimbric, Shedden, & Caverly, 2019;Kreutz-Rodrigues, & Bakri, 2019;Schiff et al, 2019;Krajewska-Wędzina, Dąbrowska, Augustynowicz-Kopeć, Weiner, & Szulowski, 2019;Lande et al, 2019;Auguste, Patel, & Siemieniuk, 2018;Honda, Virdi, & Chan, 2018;Lande, George, & Plush, 2018;Hwang, Kim, Jo, & Shim, 2017;Nishiuchi, Iwamoto, & Maruyama, 2017;Srivastava, Dahiya, Singh, & Kulshreshtha, 2017;Polaček, & Aleksić-Kovačević, 2016). У той же час, нові складні випадки коінфекції Mycobacterium tuberculosis/Mycobacterium avium complex (чи інших нетипових мікобактерій та вірусу імунодефіциту людини), вимагають удосконалення підходів щодо їх діагностики та трактування патогенезу (Santos-Pereira, Magalhгes, Arajo, & Osуrio, 2021;Sharma, Latawa, Wanchu, & Verma, 2021;Bazzi, Abulhamayel, Rabaan, & Al-Tawfiq, 2020;Abdeldaim, Svensson, Blomberg, & Herrmann, 2016;Rocchetti, Silbert, Gostnell, Kubasek, & Widen, 2016;Danelishvili et al, 2015).…”