Nonuniform Distribution of High-risk Human Papillomavirus in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Oropharynx

Gelwan, Elise; Malm, Ian James; Khararjian, Armen; Fakhry, Carol; Bishop, Justin A.; Westra, William H.

doi:10.1097/pas.0000000000000929

Cited by 46 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…HPV is well established as a causative etiology in a HNSCC [30]. Up to 80% of oropharyngeal SCC (OPSCC) are HPV mediated and −5% of other upper aerodigestive tract subsites as well [31,32]. When evaluating tonsillar tissue subsites (lingual and palatine tonsils), up to 92% of cases are HPV mediated [32].…”

Section: Viral Oncogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Etiology, Pathogenesis, and the Role of Human Papilloma Virus

Elgart

Faden

2020

Curr Otorhinolaryngol Rep

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Purpose of Review-Sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) is a rare disease with considerable histologic diversity. Currently, there is a poor understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of SNSCC. Here, we review recent literature to summarize what is known regarding (1) the etiology of SNSCC, (2) the role of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in SNSCC, and (2) the molecular underpinnings of SNSCC. Recent Findings-1. High risk HPVappears to play a role in the pathogenesis of a subset of SNSCCs. SNSCCs with high risk HPV have improved survival compared with those without HPV and occur in patients who are younger, similar to HPV mediated oropharyngeal cancer. 2. A subset of inverted papillomas have transcriptionally active low-risk HPV and have a higher risk of transformation, while low risk HPV negative inverted papillomas frequently have EGFR mutations. Summary-SNSCC is a diverse disease with likely multiple etiologies including carcinogen, irritant exposure, and HPV. While not definitively proven, evidence supports a role for high-risk HPV in a subset of SNSCC, and low-risk HPV in a subset of inverted papillomas which transform to SNSCC. In-depth molecular and genomic studies are needed in SNSCC to better understand the genomic underpinnings and oncogenic drivers.

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Section: Viral Oncogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Etiology, Pathogenesis, and the Role of Human Papilloma Virus

Elgart

Faden

2020

Curr Otorhinolaryngol Rep

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“…Before HPV positive as a new risk factor for HNSCC was found, many risk factors had been reported, including tobacco, poor oral hygiene, and alcohol [ 5 , 6 ]. Then the prevalence of HPV-related HNSCC, especially oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC), was largely observed in many populations in Western Europe, United States, and Australia [ 3 – 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of p16 as Prognostic Factors for Oropharyngeal Cancer: Evaluation of p16 in 1470 Patients for a 16 Year Study in Northeast China

Meng

Miao

Chen

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an etiological risk factor for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC). Our study investigates the prevalence, prognostic, and clinicopathologic features of HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer in Northeast China and elucidates the involvement of p16 in the tumorigenesis and progression of OPSCC. Specimens from 1470 OPSCC patients collected from 2000 to 2016 were analyzed using the status of HPV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and p16 immunohistochemistry. Overexpression of p16 was observed in 81 (5.51%) of the 1470 cases, and HPV positive was present in 78 cases (5.31%) of the 1470 cases. HPV positive and p16 overexpression have a good concordance. However, we found that the etiological fraction of HPV in cancers of the OPSCCs was obviously lower in Northeast China than other cohorts previously reported. Interestingly, nearly 89% of patients with p16 expression were smokers, and nearly 70% of patients with p16 expression had a history of alcohol. Our study also demonstrates that p16 expression is significantly associated with early stage primary OPSCCs and the patients with p16 expression tend to show better survival following surgery and radiotherapy.

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“…The risk of malignancy in HPV -positive cases is related to infection with specific types of HPVs [1] , [5] . HPVs are of numerous types (≥100), and they are divided into two major groups: high risk (HR) and low risk (LR) [6] , [7] . The HR types are more often detected in association with cancers such as cervical cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Integration Analysis by Real-time PCR Assay in Associated Cancers

Niya

Keyvani

Tameshkel

et al. 2018

Translational Oncology

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common viral infection worldwide associated with a variety of cancers. The integration of the HPV genome in these patients causes chromosomal instability and triggers carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the HPV-16 genome physical status in four major cancers related to HPV infection. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks from our previous projects on head and neck, colorectal, penile, and cervical cancers were collected, and HPV-16–positive specimens were used for further analysis. The DNA extraction copy number of E2 and E7 genes was calculated by qualitative real-time PCR method. Serially diluted standards that were cloned in PUC57 plasmid were used. Standard curve and melting curve analysis was used for quantification. Of the 672 specimens studied, 76 (11.3%) were HPV-16 positive. We found that 35.6% (16/45) were integrated. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant correlations between integration of HPV-16 and cervical cancer end-stage carcinogenesis (P < .0001), episomal form, and ASCUS lesions (P = .045). Significant correlation in penile cancer patients was seen between the episomal form and high-grade cancer stage (P = .037). Integration is a major factor in the carcinogenesis mechanism of HPV and has different prevalence in various cancers with a higher rate in progression except in penile cancer.

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Nonuniform Distribution of High-risk Human Papillomavirus in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Oropharynx

Cited by 46 publications

References 22 publications

Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Etiology, Pathogenesis, and the Role of Human Papilloma Virus

Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Etiology, Pathogenesis, and the Role of Human Papilloma Virus

Association of p16 as Prognostic Factors for Oropharyngeal Cancer: Evaluation of p16 in 1470 Patients for a 16 Year Study in Northeast China

Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Integration Analysis by Real-time PCR Assay in Associated Cancers

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