Nonverbal Communication of Affect in Humans

Buck, Ross; Savin, Virginia J.; Miller, Robert E.; Caul, William F.

doi:10.1037/e463442008-187

Cited by 45 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…For example, a number of studies have examined people's ability to identify the con tent of the slides that stimulus persons arc viewing (e.g., pleasant versus unpleasant) from observing their facial behaviors. Judges are less often accurate in their identifications of the stimuli presented to internalizers than in their judgments of what externalizers are viewing [19], Moreover, internalizers exhibit fewer actual facial behaviors when observing these stimuli than do externalizers [20]. Inter nalizers and externalizers are further charac terized by different patterns of physiological response.…”

Section: Nonverbal Expressiveness and Autonomic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonverbal and Verbal Emotional Expression and Health

Berry

Pennebaker²

1993

Psychother Psychosom

149

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The spontaneous nonverbal expression of emotion is related to immediate reductions in autonomic nervous system activity. Similar changes in specific autonomic channels occur when individuals are encouraged to verbally express their emotions. Indeed, these physiological changes are most likely to occur among individuals who are either verbally or nonverbally highly expressive. These data suggest that when individuals must actively inhibit emotional expression, they are at increased risk for a variety of health problems. Several experiments are summarized which indicate that verbally expressing traumatic experiences by writing or talking improves physical health, enhances immune function, and is associated with fewer medical visits. Although less research is available regarding nonverbal expression, it is also likely that the nonverbal expression of emotion bears some relation to health status. We propose that the effectiveness of many common expressive therapies (e.g., art, music, cathartic) would be enhanced if clients are encouraged to both express their feelings nonverbally and to put their experiences into words.

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Section: Nonverbal Expressiveness and Autonomic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonverbal and Verbal Emotional Expression and Health

Berry

Pennebaker²

1993

Psychother Psychosom

149

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“…Studies that focus on physiological responsiveness reveal a negative relationship between overt expressiveness and socialization (Buck, 1976(Buck, , 1979Waid, 1976;Waid, Orne, Cook, & One, 1981). Similarly, Buck, Savin, Miller, and Caul (1972) and Buck (1984), using terminology coined by Jones (1935), distinguish individuals as being either externalizers or internalizers. Externalizers display overt expression but low electrodermal responding, while internalizers display the opposite responses.…”

Section: Affect Management and Neurological Predispositionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Differences in anticipatory anxiety and adaptation rate as a function of affect management strategy

Freeman

Sawyer

Behnke

1998

Communication Research Reports

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“…The Slide Viewing Technique is a variant of the cooperative conditioning technique designed for human participants (Buck et al 1972(Buck et al , 1974. In some studies, physiological responses have been taken from the participant, or ''sender.''…”

Section: Studies In Humans: the Slide-viewing Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Communicative Genes in the Evolution of Empathy and Altruism

Buck

2011

Behav Genet

Self Cite

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This paper discusses spontaneous communication and its implications for understanding empathy and altruism. The question of the possibility of "true" altruism-giving up one's genetic potential in favor of the genetic potential of another-is a fundamental issue common to the biological, behavioral, and social sciences. Darwin regarded "social instincts and sympathies" to be critical to the social order, but the possibility of biologically-based prosocial motives and emotions was questioned when selection was interpreted as operating at the level of the gene. In the selfish gene hypothesis, Dawkins argued that the unit of evolutionary selection must be an active, germ-line replicator: a unit whose activities determine whether copies of it are made across evolutionary timescales. He argued that the only active replicator existing across evolutionary timescales is the gene, so that the "selfish gene" is a replicator motivated only to make copies of itself. The communicative gene hypothesis notes that genes function by communicating, and the phenotype communication involves not only the individual sending and receiving abilities of the individual genes involved, but also the relationship between them relative to other genes. Therefore the selection of communication as phenotype involves the selection of individual genes and also their relationship. Relationships become replicators, and are selected across evolutionary timescales including social relationships (e.g., sex, nurturance, dominance-submission). An interesting implication of this view: apparent altruism has been interpreted by selfish gene theorists as due to kin selection and reciprocity, in which the survival of kin and comrade indirectly favor the genetic potential of the altruist. From the viewpoint of the communicative gene hypothesis, rather than underlying altruism, kin selection and reciprocity are ways of restricting altruism to kin and comrade: they are mechanisms not of altruism but of xenophobia.

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Nonverbal Communication of Affect in Humans

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Nonverbal and Verbal Emotional Expression and Health

Nonverbal and Verbal Emotional Expression and Health

Differences in anticipatory anxiety and adaptation rate as a function of affect management strategy

Communicative Genes in the Evolution of Empathy and Altruism

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