Nonverbal support giving induces nonverbal support seeking in depressed patients

Geerts, Erwin; Bouhuys, Antoinette L.; Bloem, Gerda M.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4679(199701)53:1<35::aid-jclp5>3.0.co;2-u

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The adult may have been attempting to encourage the adolescent to show more of this behaviour or to be more supportive. The latter tendency was also found in psychiatrists' behaviour during interviews with severely versus less depressed adults (Geerts, Bouhuys, & Bloem, 1997). That the adult partner in the present study did not react this way in the younger group could mean that the difference in child behaviour may not have been so apparent there (frequency of backchannelling was low even in the nondepressed group) or was attributed a different meaning/importance because of their younger age.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Gender‐specific development of nonverbal behaviours and mild depression in adolescence

Beek

Dolderen

Dubas

2006

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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Background: Individual differences in depressive symptoms have been linked with social skill deficits in adults and children, yet empirical studies on adolescents are lacking. The present research examines age and gender differences in nonverbal behaviour between mildly depressed and nondepressed (pre-) adolescents during conversations with an adult (study 1) and a same-aged peer (study 2). Both studies also examine whether conversation partners respond differently to mildly depressed versus nondepressed (pre)adolescents. Methods: Study 1 reports on observations of conversations of 9-15-yearold children (n ¼ 122) with a female adult partner. Study 2 reports findings of observations of 12-17-year-old adolescents (n ¼ 154) in conversation with same-age, same-sex peers. Results: Both studies show gender and/or age effects in gazing, smiling and backchannel behaviours that indicate that as adolescents mature they increasingly behave according to gender-specific display rules. While talking to an adult, depressed (pre-)adolescents and the adult partner differed in backchannel behaviours. While talking to peers, only depressed adolescent girls showed less gazing towards the partner during listening. Moreover, adolescents smiled less often towards depressed than nondepressed partners. Conclusions: Gender-specific development of nonverbal behaviour may help to understand the development of gender differences in depression in adolescence. Females who fail to exhibit otheroriented social skills may be particularly at risk for depressive symptoms.

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Section: Conclusion and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Gender‐specific development of nonverbal behaviours and mild depression in adolescence

Beek

Dolderen

Dubas

2006

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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“…For example, depression elicits negative peer responses, including social rejection of the depressed individual (Mullins, Peterson, Wonderlich, & Reaven, 1986). In addition, depressed individuals often fail to seek support directly (Geerts, Bouhuys, & Bloem, 1997). Creating and maintaining relationships is made difficult by depressive symptoms and the social responses they elicit.…”

Section: Relationship Layers and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilayered social dynamics and depression among older adults: A 10-year cross-lagged analysis.

Reynolds¹,

Meng²,

Hall³

2020

Psychology and Aging

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Depression in older adults is associated with decreased physical, cognitive, and social functioning, which in turn, are associated with increased mortality. Research has found that robust social networks can protect against depression, yet it is unclear whether the relationship between social ties and depression is reciprocal. Moreover, links between network connections at different social layers are not well understood. This study uses a representative sample with panel data collected between 2005 and 2016 to identify the influence of social network composition on subsequent depression and explore how various layers of human relationships (e.g., community vs. interpersonal level) influence one another. Results demonstrate multiple links between social connection and depression, and that the evolution of social networks in older adults is complex, with distinct mechanisms leading to positive and negative outcomes. Specifically, community involvement showed consistent benefits in reducing depression. In contrast, intimate partnerships appear to increase susceptibility to depression among older adults through exposure to the severe outcomes of partner loss. In addition, intimate partnerships reduce future interpersonal connections, whereas community involvement increases future interpersonal connections for older adults.

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“…But more than the valence, it seems that it is the affiliative behaviors that are impacted, supporting a social withdrawal [38,39]. In fact, certain patterns of behavior when interacting with others may predict the severity of symptoms or treatment response [36,59,[80][81][82][83]. Finally, physiological measures are mainly lowered for both HRV (ie, HF, LF, VLF, and time domains) [66] and EDA (ie, SCR and SCL) [67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Phenotyping for Differential Diagnosis of Major Depressive Episode: Narrative Review

Ettore¹,

Müller²,

Hinze³

et al. 2023

JMIR Ment Health

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Background Major depressive episode (MDE) is a common clinical syndrome. It can be found in different pathologies such as major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or even occur in the context of psychological trauma. However, only 1 syndrome is described in international classifications (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition [DSM-5]/International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision [ICD-11]), which do not take into account the underlying pathology at the origin of the MDE. Clinical interviews are currently the best source of information to obtain the etiological diagnosis of MDE. Nevertheless, it does not allow an early diagnosis and there are no objective measures of extracted clinical information. To remedy this, the use of digital tools and their correlation with clinical symptomatology could be useful. Objective We aimed to review the current application of digital tools for MDE diagnosis while highlighting shortcomings for further research. In addition, our work was focused on digital devices easy to use during clinical interview and mental health issues where depression is common. Methods We conducted a narrative review of the use of digital tools during clinical interviews for MDE by searching papers published in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases since February 2010. The search was conducted from June to September 2021. Potentially relevant papers were then compared against a checklist for relevance and reviewed independently for inclusion, with focus on 4 allocated topics of (1) automated voice analysis, behavior analysis by (2) video and physiological measures, (3) heart rate variability (HRV), and (4) electrodermal activity (EDA). For this purpose, we were interested in 4 frequently found clinical conditions in which MDE can occur: (1) MDD, (2) BD, (3) PTSD, and (4) psychological trauma. Results A total of 74 relevant papers on the subject were qualitatively analyzed and the information was synthesized. Thus, a digital phenotype of MDE seems to emerge consisting of modifications in speech features (namely, temporal, prosodic, spectral, source, and formants) and in speech content, modifications in nonverbal behavior (head, hand, body and eyes movement, facial expressivity, and gaze), and a decrease in physiological measurements (HRV and EDA). We not only found similarities but also differences when MDE occurs in MDD, BD, PTSD, or psychological trauma. However, comparative studies were rare in BD or PTSD conditions, which does not allow us to identify clear and distinct digital phenotypes. Conclusions Our search identified markers from several modalities that hold promise for helping with a more objective diagnosis of MDE. To validate their potential, further longitudinal and prospective studies are needed.

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Nonverbal support giving induces nonverbal support seeking in depressed patients

Cited by 19 publications

References 10 publications

Gender‐specific development of nonverbal behaviours and mild depression in adolescence

Gender‐specific development of nonverbal behaviours and mild depression in adolescence

Multilayered social dynamics and depression among older adults: A 10-year cross-lagged analysis.

Digital Phenotyping for Differential Diagnosis of Major Depressive Episode: Narrative Review

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