Nonviral heterogeneous sequences are present at the 5′ ends of one species of snowshoe hare bunyavirus S complementary RNA

Bishop, David H. L.; Gay, Mary E.; Matsuoko, Yumiko

doi:10.1093/nar/11.18.6409

Cited by 119 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Some clones lacked either one, two or three of the predicted 5Ј-most nucleotides complementary (i.e., ACA) to the template genomic RNA (12,14). Furthermore, the mRNAs of the Bunyaviridae members typically lack one or three of the 5Ј viral nucleotides (18,27,29,39). Our analyses showed that 17, 1, and 20 of the clones obtained from the ␣, ␤, and ␥ BSMV͞MStV chimeric RNAs, respectively, also lacked either one or three of the first 5Ј nucleotides of the MStV RNA 4 sequence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Members of both the Tenuivirus and Phlebovirus genera have a number of similarities including: multipartite genomes composed of both negative and ambisense segments; the genomic RNAs for viruses in each of these genera have eight identical nucleotides (5Ј-ACACAAAG) at the 5Ј termini of each genome segment while the 3Ј termini are conserved and complementary to the 5Ј termini; the genomes have similar arrangements of protein coding regions; and some of the encoded proteins for different viruses show significant similarity (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Transcription of the genomic RNAs yields mRNAs with capped 5Ј termini (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21), and between the cap and the viral RNA sequence are short stretches of nucleotides that are not of virus origin (12,14).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In vitro transcription assays with the Bunyavirus, La Crosse virus, and a defined donor mRNA resulted in viral mRNAs with 5Ј extensions of 12-14 nucleotides (16). The specific nucleotide composition of the 5Ј ribonucleotide extensions on in vivo generated viral mRNAs is also variable in size and sequence (12,14,18,27), but for some viruses given nucleotides at specific positions may be important (29).…”

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confidence: 99%

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In vivo transfer of barley stripe mosaic hordeivirus ribonucleotides to the 5′ terminus of maize stripe tenuivirus RNAs

Estabrook

Tsai

Falk

1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The Tenuivirus maize stripe virus (MStV) shares many properties with viruses in the genus Phlebovirus of the family Bunyaviridae. Besides genome organization and gene expression strategies, one property shared by these plant-and vertebrate-infecting viruses is that transcription gives rise to virus-specific mRNAs containing nonviral 5-terminal nucleotide sequences. The 5-terminal nucleotides are believed to be derived from host mRNA sequences as a result of ''cap-snatching.'' We investigated whether specific nucleotide sequences could serve as primer donors for capsnatching in vivo. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants were singly and doubly infected with MStV and the Hordeivirus barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV). A reverse transcription-PCR assay was used to identify chimeric BSMV͞MStV RNAs. Specific reverse transcription-PCR products were detected from doubly infected plants by using one PCR primer corresponding to the 5 termini of the BSMV RNAs (␣, ␤, and ␥) and a second primer complementary to MStV RNA 4. The resulting cDNAs were cloned, and nucleotide sequence analysis showed them to be chimeric, containing BSMV 5-terminal sequences as well as MStV RNA 4 sequences. All clones contained the BSMV RNA 5 primer nucleotide sequence, but they also showed characteristics common to Tenuivirus mRNAs. More than 80% of the clones contained BSMV RNA nucleotides not present on the PCR primer. Several lacked the exact 5 terminus of MStV RNA 4, a feature also seen for viruses in the Bunyaviridae. These data show that heterologous virus RNAs (BSMV) can serve as primer donors for MStV mRNA capped RNA-primed transcription in doubly infected plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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In vivo transfer of barley stripe mosaic hordeivirus ribonucleotides to the 5′ terminus of maize stripe tenuivirus RNAs

Estabrook

Tsai

Falk

1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…These viruses require host cell mRNA 5Ј caps plus adjacent oligonucleotides to prime their transcription. 15,16 The restriction in host cell biosynthetic activities that occurs during diapause could indirectly result in a reduction of viral replication due to a limiting supply of mRNA caps or other macromolecules needed for replication. 17 The reduction in host cell transcription during diapause could concomitantly reduce viral replication, thereby moderating deleterious effects to the embryo by preventing the depletion of host cell macromolecules and enhancing virus overwintering.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of La Crosse virus infection on overwintering of Aedes triseriatus.

McGaw¹,

Chandler²,

Wasieloski³

et al. 1998

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The effect of La Crosse (LAC) virus infection on Aedes triseriatus overwintering success was determined. Eggs from LAC virus transovarially infected (LAC TOTϩ) and uninfected (LAC TOTϪ) Ae. triseriatus colonies were induced into diapause, held in natural conditions, and returned to the laboratory at predetermined times for assay of diapause, mortality, and filial infection rates, and to examine viral transcription and replication during diapause. Embryos from the LAC TOTϩ colony exhibited greater cumulative mortality (16.7%) than the LAC TOTϪ eggs (7.3%) throughout the overwintering periods. The increased mortality rate in LAC TOTϩ eggs corresponded with a decrease in filial infection rates. Eggs from the LAC TOTϩ colony terminated diapause more readily than the LAC TOTϪ colony. An RNA strand-specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technique was used to monitor viral transcription and replication in mosquito eggs during overwintering, and to compare viral replication in diapausing and nondiapausing embryos. Viral messenger and replicative form RNA were present in eggs in all sample periods, suggesting that some virus replication occurred during diapause.La Crosse (LAC) virus is a member of the Bunyavirus genus in the family Bunyaviridae.1 This mosquito-borne virus is an important cause of pediatric arboviral encephalitis in the United States, 2 and is biologically transmitted to susceptible vertebrate hosts by the mosquito Aedes triseriatus. 3 Importantly, LAC virus is efficiently transovarially transmitted (TOT) by Ae. triseriatus and overwinters in diapausing eggs of the vector. 4 Although altered feeding behavior in LAC virus-infected adult females has been noted, 5 laboratory studies suggest that there is no major untoward effect associated with LAC virus infection on Ae. triseriatus progeny.6, 7 However, there is little quantitative information concerning the impact of LAC virus infection on Ae. triseriatus embryos overwintering in natural conditions. Filial infection rates (FIRs) were determined in progeny of Ae. melanimon mosquitoes infected with California encephalitis virus: FIRs were somewhat lower in progeny held for two winters in natural conditions. 8 In the northern part of their range, Ae. triseriatus mosquito eggs undergo facultative diapause as the mechanism for overwintering. There is both genetic and geographic variation in the response of Ae. triseriatus eggs to shortened photoperiods. 9, 10 Additionally, Ae. triseriatus mosquito eggs exhibit installment hatching, which can result in a percentage of eggs requiring repeated hatching stimuli to terminate diapause. 11 The molecular mechanisms that induce and maintain diapause and condition installment hatching in mosquito eggs are not known.12, 13 However, the reduction in metabolic activity that occurs during diapause may have an effect on virus replication in the diapausing eggs. 14 Bunyaviruses have a unique replication strategy that could function in establishing persistent infections in mosquito eggs. These viruse...

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“…[46][47][48][49][50] There is evidence for functional interactions between the 5′ and 3′ end of the negative sense viral genomic RNA segments and for the direct interaction between these and the viral nucleocapsid, N, and the RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase, L. 5,45 Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm and involves priming of viral transcripts using short, capped oligonucleotides derived from cellular mRNAs. [51][52][53][54][55] To enable this cap-snatching mechanism, which is analogous to that employed in the nucleus by Influenza A virus, the bunyavirus L proteins have cap-dependent endonuclease activity. 53,56 Although there is no direct evidence for this endonuclease activity for the Schmallenberg virus L, the protein does contain the conserved motifs associated with this activity in other bunyaviruses (Figure 2).…”

Section: Molecular Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Schmallenberg virus: continuing a trend?

Noad¹,

Brownlie²

2013

VAAT

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Abstract:Since its first isolation in Germany in 2011 the Schmallenberg strain of the Sathuperi virus has been detected across northern Europe. The virus is associated with neurological disease, abortion, and congenital deformities in ruminants, particularly among sheep and cattle. The rapid dissemination of the pathogen is reminiscent of the transmission of another midge-borne arbovirus, Bluetongue virus, which also spread to Europe on several separate occasions between 1998 and 2007. In this review we detail the characteristic features of the Schmallenberg virus and consider whether the virus highlights a European vulnerability for other midge-transmitted pathogens.

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Nonviral heterogeneous sequences are present at the 5′ ends of one species of snowshoe hare bunyavirus S complementary RNA

Cited by 119 publications

References 26 publications

In vivo transfer of barley stripe mosaic hordeivirus ribonucleotides to the 5′ terminus of maize stripe tenuivirus RNAs

In vivo transfer of barley stripe mosaic hordeivirus ribonucleotides to the 5′ terminus of maize stripe tenuivirus RNAs

Effect of La Crosse virus infection on overwintering of Aedes triseriatus.

Schmallenberg virus: continuing a trend?

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