Two-dimensional
(2D) layered materials are an indispensable
cornerstone
of modern industry, which harnesses their strengths and creativity
for energy, catalysis, sensors, and many other fields. Nowadays, materials
science has transitioned from single-component substances to multicomponent
composites, and how to efficiently construct multifunctional layered
composites with controllable and stable structures has become a research
hotspot. Among many available preparation techniques, the layer-by-layer
(LbL) self-assembly technology is one of the most efficient strategies,
which utilizes the noncovalent weak intermolecular forces to achieve
stable binding of different components and thus exhibits extensive
suitability compared with traditional methods. Precise molecular-level
control of the structure and properties of LbL-assembled composites
can be achieved through the selection of assembly units and the design
of the assembly sequence. Benefiting from these merits, LbL-assembled
laminated composites have been widely used in energy conversion and
storage, optoelectronic and magnetic devices, drug delivery, sensors,
separation membranes, and so on. In this review, we summarize the
recent advances in the current mainstreams of LbL assembly technology,
including the van der Waals (vdW) assembly, electrostatic assembly,
Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) assembly, and hydrogen-bonded assembly.
Moreover, a systematic review and perspective are provided not only
on the applications of water electrolysis, lithium-ion batteries,
optoelectronics, and magnetic devices but also on the existing challenges
and future directions for LbL assembly.