Nonylphenol and Nonylphenol Ethoxylates in Fish, Sediment, and Water from the Kalamazoo River, Michigan

Abstract

Abstract.A survey measuring concentrations of nonylphenol (NP) and its ethoxylates (NPEs) in fish was performed in the Kalamazoo River, Michigan, USA, in 1999. Of 183 fish analyzed, 59% had no detectable NP or NPE. Detected concentrations were reported to range from 3.3 (limit of detection) to 29.1 ng NP/g wet weight. To further explore the means of exposure of NP and NPE in the fish, concentrations of NP and its mono-through tri-ethoxylates (NPE 1-3 ) were measured in fish, sediment, and water collected near two wastewater treatment plants on the Kalamazoo River in 2000. Samples were analyzed using exhaustive steam distillation with concurrent liquid extraction. Nonylphenol ethoxycarboxylates (NPE 1-3 C) were also analyzed in water. Concentrations of NP and NPEs in fish were less than the method detection limits (MDLs) in all the samples except one fish, which contained 3.4 ng NP/g wet weight, just above the detection limit of 3.3 ng/g. Three of 36 sediments and 1 of 24 water samples contained detectable concentrations of NP or NPE 1 . NPE 2 , NPE 3 , and NPEC were not detected in water samples.

Trophodynamic Behavior of 4-Nonylphenol and Nonylphenol Polyethoxylate in a Marine Aquatic Food Web from Bohai Bay, North China: Comparison to DDTs

“…While several studies have examined the residues of 4-NP and NPEOs with short EO units (s < 6) in fish (3,10,13,14,16), there is little documenting the existence of NPEOs with more than five units in biota, and there are no reports of the occurrence of NPEOs in marine biota. As shown in the Supporting Information, each NPEO with 3 < s <16 was detected in all biota samples, which provided the first report on the occurrence of NPEOs with s > 5 in marine biota.…”

Distinct expression and activity profiles of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) estrogen receptors in response to estradiol and nonylphenol

“…These include the induction of estrogenresponsive genes in males such as vitellogenins (vtgs) and choriogenins that are involved in normal female reproduction (Allen et al 1999, Arukwe et al 2001, Kannan et al 2003, impaired gonadal development (Lin & Janz 2006), altered steroidogenesis (Harris et al 2001), and intersex (Gray et al 1997, Metcalfe et al 2001, Schwaiger et al 2002, Seki et al 2003. These conditions have been induced in fish in controlled laboratory studies and have also been seen in wild fish found in the vicinity of sewage outflows (Allen et al 1999, Jobling et al 2002, Legler et al 2002, Pettersson et al 2005 where the main contaminants include NP.…”

Nonylphenol and Nonylphenol Ethoxylates in River Water, Drinking Water,and Fish Tissues in the Area of Chongqing, China

“…The occurrence of NPEOs and intermediates in water and sediment in the United States, Europe, and Japan has been well documented (Naylor et al 1996;Kannan et al, 2003;Ahel et al 1994;Di Corcia et al 2000;Maruyama et al 2000, Thiele et al 1997. Recently, several studies have examined the residues of 4-NP and NPEOs with short EO units (n < 6) in fish (Rice et al 2003;Tsuda et al 2000;Keith et al 2001;Lye et al 1999;Ferrara et al 2001;Kannan et al, 2003).…”

“…Recently, several studies have examined the residues of 4-NP and NPEOs with short EO units (n < 6) in fish (Rice et al 2003;Tsuda et al 2000;Keith et al 2001;Lye et al 1999;Ferrara et al 2001;Kannan et al, 2003). To date, there is no documented evidence of the existence of NPEOs with more than 5 units in fish.…”