Noradrenaline and Dopamine Efflux in the Prefrontal Cortex in Relation to Appetitive Classical Conditioning

Mingote, Susana; Bruin, Jan; Feenstra, Matthijs G.P.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4547-03.2004

Cited by 77 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Third, DA elevations during the task, but not those of NA, were not significantly different from those observed in the anticipatory phase of the task, and this was the case for both groups of rats. These results are consistent with microdialysis studies showing that consumption of food or exposure to reward-predicting stimuli consistently increase DA release in the PFC (Bassareo and Di Chiara, 1997;Ahn and Phillips, 1999;Phillips et al, 2004) (but see Mingote et al, 2004). Furthermore, these results correlate with electrophysiological studies in monkeys, indicating that DA neurons fire in response to reward prediction (Schultz, 1998;Schultz and Dickinson, 2000).…”

Section: Na Da and Pfc Functionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Handling (Dalley and Stanford, 1995;Kawahara et al, 1999;Feenstra et al, 2000) does not contribute to NA elevations because no change in NA efflux was observed when all of the groups of animals were moved from the home cage to the waiting cage or when untrained animals were placed from the maze back to their home cages. Elevations of PFC NA levels in response to stimuli that predict a reward have been shown previously (Mingote et al, 2004). It is known that food restriction or presentation of highly palatable food causes an increase in PFC NA efflux (Cenci et al, 1992;Taber and Fibiger, 1997;Feenstra, 2000;Feenstra et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

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Noradrenaline and Dopamine Elevations in the Rat Prefrontal Cortex in Spatial Working Memory

Rossetti¹,

Carboni²

2005

J. Neurosci.

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The role of prefrontal cortical dopamine (DA) in the modulation of working memory functions is well documented, but substantial evidence indicates that the locus ceruleus noradrenergic system also modulates working memory via actions within the prefrontal cortex (PFC). This study shows that PFC noradrenaline (NA) and DA dialysate levels phasically increase when rats perform correctly in a delayed alternation task in a T-maze, a test of spatial working memory. However, NA levels were markedly enhanced in animals trained to alternate compared with rats that acquired the spatial information about the location of food in the maze but were untrained to make a choice to obtain the reward. In contrast, PFC DA elevations occurred independently of whether the animal had acquired the trial-specific information for correct task execution. The contribution of anticipatory responses to catecholamine efflux was also evaluated by exposing rats to an environment signaling the presence of the reward in the successive alternation task. No conditioned NA efflux was observed in either group. In contrast, in both groups, DA efflux increased in the anticipatory phase of the test to the same levels of those reached during the task. These data provide the first direct evidence for a selective activation of PFC NA transmission during a spatial working memory task. We propose that, in the working memory task, DA is primarily associated with reward expectancy, whereas NA is involved in the active maintenance of the information about a goal and the rules to achieve it.

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Section: Na Da and Pfc Functionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Noradrenaline and Dopamine Elevations in the Rat Prefrontal Cortex in Spatial Working Memory

Rossetti¹,

Carboni²

2005

J. Neurosci.

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“…Salient events or changing environmental contingencies, including extinction, have been shown to increase firing rates of noradrenergic neurons and NE efflux in forebrain structures (Foote et al, 1980;Sara and Segal, 1991;Mingote et al, 2004). In one study, locus coeruleus (the major source of forebrain NE) firing was increased following a shift to an extinction contingency, but this response rapidly decreased as extinction trials continued (Sara et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compound Stimulus Presentation and the Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor Atomoxetine Enhance Long-Term Extinction of Cocaine-Seeking Behavior

Janak

Bowers²,

Corbit

2011

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Drug abstinence is frequently compromised when addicted individuals are re-exposed to environmental stimuli previously associated with drug use. Research with human addicts and in animal models has demonstrated that extinction learning (non-reinforced cue-exposure) can reduce the capacity of such stimuli to induce relapse, yet extinction therapies have limited long-term success under real-world conditions (Bouton, 2002;O'Brien, 2008). We hypothesized that enhancing extinction would reduce the later ability of drugpredictive cues to precipitate drug-seeking behavior. We, therefore, tested whether compound stimulus presentation and pharmacological treatments that augment noradrenergic activity (atomoxetine; norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor) during extinction training would facilitate the extinction of drug-seeking behaviors, thus reducing relapse. Rats were trained that the presentation of a discrete cue signaled that a lever press response would result in cocaine reinforcement. Rats were subsequently extinguished and spontaneous recovery of drug-seeking behavior following presentation of previously drug-predictive cues was tested 4 weeks later. We find that compound stimulus presentations or pharmacologically increasing noradrenergic activity during extinction training results in less future recovery of responding, whereas propranolol treatment reduced the benefit seen with compound stimulus presentation. These data may have important implications for understanding the biological basis of extinction learning, as well as for improving the outcome of extinction-based therapies.

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“…Stimulation of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus facilitates retrieval of associative memories (Devauges and Sara, 1991;Sara and Devauges, 1988), and the presentation of cues associated with emotional stimuli activates these neurons (Sterpenich et al, 2006) and provokes norepinephrine release (Cassens et al, 1980;Feenstra et al, 2001;Mingote et al, 2004). Mice constitutively lacking dopamine b-hydroxylase (DBH), an essential enzyme in the synthesis of norepinephrine, are able to acquire contextual fear conditioning, but show a deficit in retrieval when tested on subsequent days (Murchison et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of β-Adrenergic Receptors Induces a Persistent Deficit in Retrieval of a Cocaine-Associated Memory Providing Protection against Reinstatement

Otis

Mueller

2011

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Drug-seeking behavior is maintained by encounters with drug-associated cues. Preventing retrieval of drug-associated memories that these cues provoke would therefore limit relapse susceptibility; however, little is known regarding the mechanisms of retrieval. Here, we show that b-adrenergic receptor activation is necessary for the retrieval of a cocaine-associated memory. Using a conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure, rats were conditioned to associate one chamber, but not another, with cocaine. When administered before a CPP trial, propranolol, but not saline, prevented retrieval of a cocaine-associated CPP. In subsequent drug-free trials, rats previously treated with propranolol continued to show a retrieval deficit, as no CPP was evident. This retrieval deficit was long lasting and robust, as the CPP did not re-emerge during a test for spontaneous recovery 14 days later or reinstate following a priming injection of cocaine. Moreover, the peripheral b-adrenergic receptor antagonist sotalol did not affect retrieval. Thus, retrieval of cocaine-associated memories is mediated by norepinephrine acting at central b-adrenergic receptors. Our findings support the use of propranolol, a commonly prescribed b-blocker, as an adjunct to exposure therapy for the treatment of addiction by preventing retrieval of drugassociated memories during and long after treatment, and by providing protection against relapse.

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Noradrenaline and Dopamine Efflux in the Prefrontal Cortex in Relation to Appetitive Classical Conditioning

Cited by 77 publications

References 28 publications

Noradrenaline and Dopamine Elevations in the Rat Prefrontal Cortex in Spatial Working Memory

Noradrenaline and Dopamine Elevations in the Rat Prefrontal Cortex in Spatial Working Memory

Compound Stimulus Presentation and the Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor Atomoxetine Enhance Long-Term Extinction of Cocaine-Seeking Behavior

Inhibition of β-Adrenergic Receptors Induces a Persistent Deficit in Retrieval of a Cocaine-Associated Memory Providing Protection against Reinstatement

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