Noradrenergic hyperinnervation of the motor trigeminal nucleus: alterations in membrane properties and responses to synaptic input

Vornov, JJ; Sutin, Jerome

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.06-01-00030.1986

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…By contrast, in this study in freely moving cats, applied NE had no excitatory effect on tonic GG muscle activity, but significantly reduced GG muscle activity during both W and light SWS. Other studies have also shown that NE is not always excitatory, but can also cause hyperpolarization and hence suppression of motoneuron activity (Pun et al, 1985;Vornov and Sutin, 1986). It seems likely that this depressant effect of NE may be mediated by a 2 -adrenoceptors located on HMN.…”

Section: Ne and Gg Muscle Activitymentioning

confidence: 94%

Application of histamine or serotonin to the hypoglossal nucleus increases genioglossus muscle activity across the wake–sleep cycle

Neuzeret

Sakai

Gormand

et al. 2009

Journal of Sleep Research

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SUMMAR Y The decrease in genioglossus (GG) muscle activity during sleep, especially rapid eye movement (REM) or paradoxical sleep, can lead to airway occlusion and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The hypoglossal nucleus innervating the GG muscle is under the control of serotonergic, noradrenergic and histaminergic neurons that cease firing during paradoxical sleep. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect on GG muscle activity during different wake-sleep states of the microdialysis application of serotonin, histamine (HA) or noradrenaline (NE) to the hypoglossal nucleus in freely moving cats. Six adult cats were implanted with electroencephalogram, electrooculogram and neck electromyogram electrodes to record wake-sleep states and with GG muscle and diaphragm electrodes to record respiratory muscle activity. Microdialysis probes were inserted into the hypoglossal nucleus for monoamine application. Changes in GG muscle activity were assessed by power spectrum analysis. In the baseline conditions, tonic GG muscle activity decreased progressively and significantly from wakefulness to slow-wave sleep and even further during slow-wave sleep with ponto-geniculo-occipital waves and paradoxical sleep. Application of serotonin or HA significantly increased GG muscle activity during the wake-sleep states when compared with controls. By contrast, NE had no excitatory effect. Our results indicate that both serotonin and HA have a potent excitatory action on GG muscle activity, suggesting multiple aminergic control of upper airway muscle activity during the wake-sleep cycle. These data might help in the development of pharmacological approaches for the treatment of OSA.k e y w o r d s genioglossus, histamine, hypoglossus, noradrenaline, obstructive sleep apnoea, serotonin, sleep INTRODUCTIONThe activity of the genioglossus (GG) muscle, innervated by the hypoglossal (XII) motor nucleus (HMN), contributes to the maintenance of upper airway patency (Ryan and Bradley, 2005;White, 2006). During sleep, especially rapid eye movement (REM) or paradoxical sleep (PS), GG muscle activity decreases in animals (Horner et al., 2002;Megirian et al., 1985) and humans (Katz and White, 2004;Sauerland and Harper, 1976). In individuals with an anatomically small pharyngeal airway, this decrease in GG muscle activity can lead to airway occlusion (Remmers et al., 1978), i.e. obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), a sleep disorder affecting up to 4% of adults (Young et al., 1993). The mechanisms responsible for this selective obstruction of the upper airway during PS remain unclear and pharmacological therapies have not Correspondence: Pierre-Charles Neuzeret, INSERM U628, Physiologie Inte´gre´e du Syste`me dÕEveil,

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Section: Ne and Gg Muscle Activitymentioning

confidence: 94%

Application of histamine or serotonin to the hypoglossal nucleus increases genioglossus muscle activity across the wake–sleep cycle

Neuzeret

Sakai

Gormand

et al. 2009

Journal of Sleep Research

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“…Intracellular studies show that this spinal motoneuron facilitation is associated with a small membrane depolarization, which is also partially blocked by phenoxybenzamine (Fung and Barnes,198 1). Similarly, in anesthetized rats, the facilitation of the masseteric reflex produced by electrical stimulation of the area of the lateral lemniscus (the source of the NE input to MoV in the rat) is also blocked by ol-adrenergic antagonists (Vomov and Sutin, 1986). Iontophoretic application of NE on facial motor neurons (McCall and Aghajanian, 1979;VanderMaelen and Aghajanian, 1980), spinal motor neurons (White and Neuman, 1980), and lateral geniculate neurons (Rogawski and Aghajanian, 1980) also produces a small membrane depolarization which is blocked by a-adrenergic antagonists.…”

Section: Controlsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Noradrenergic modulation of the masseteric reflex in behaving cats. I. Pharmacological studies

Stafford

Jacobs

1990

J. Neurosci.

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The masseteric (jaw closure) reflex was utilized as a model system for assessing functional changes in central norepinephrine (NE) neurotransmission. This monosynaptic reflex was chosen because of its simple and well-defined circuitry, and because its motor component receives a dense NE innervation. Previous experiments in our laboratory described NE modulation of this reflex in the anesthetized rat. The present experiments examine the effects of NE on this response in the unanesthetized, behaving cat. The masseteric reflex was elicited by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, and the response was recorded via electrodes permanently implanted in the masseter muscle. The amplitude of the reflex response was measured before and at various intervals following microinfusion (0.5 microliters) of NE or of various NE agonists directly into the motor trigeminal nucleus (MoV). Microinfusions of NE (0.125–5.0 micrograms) produced dose-dependent increases in the amplitude of the elicited reflex response. These effects were evident within 1 min postinfusion and lasted up to 30 min; in all cases, the response amplitude returned to baseline levels. The increase seen in response to 0.5 micrograms NE was blocked by pretreatment with the alpha-1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin, but not by pretreatment with the serotonin (5-HT) antagonist methysergide. Methysergide did, however, completely block the increase in the amplitude seen in response to microinfusion of 5-HT. Infusion of the alpha-1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine also increased the amplitude of the reflex response. By contrast, infusion of the beta- adrenergic agonist isoproterenol had no effect, whereas clonidine, a presynaptic alpha-2-adrenergic agonist, decreased its amplitude.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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“…However, the only published data of relevance consists of one report of the firing characteristics of two elevator motoneurones (cat: Takata, Fujita & Kanamori, 1982), two studies of input resistance (rat: Mikhailov & Kuneev, 1981;Vornov & Sutin, 1986) and one of rheobase (rat: Mikhailov & Kuneev, 1981). Membrane time constant values have not been determined, nor have both membrane and firing properties been determined for the same sample of elevator motoneurones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The membrane properties and firing characteristics of rat jaw‐elevator motoneurones.

Moore

Appenteng

1990

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. We have determined the membrane and firing properties of fifty-six jawelevator motoneurones in rats that were anaesthetized with pentobarbitone, paralysed and artificially ventilated.2. Forty-two neurones were identified as masseter motoneurones and fourteen as masseter synergist motoneurones. The membrane potentials for the sample ranged from -60 to -86 (mean = -68; S.D. = 7-3; n = 56), and spike amplitudes from 50 to 95 mV. The duration of the after-hyperpolarization following antidromic spikes in masseter motoneurones ranged from 15 to 50 ms (mean = 30; S.D. .-12-8) and their amplitudes from 1-0 to 4-5 mV (mean = 2-7; S.D. = 2-2; n = 42).3. The mean input resistance for the total sample was 2-3 MQ (S.D. = 0-9; n = 56), membrane time constant 3-9 ms (S.D. = 0-9; n = 48) and rheobase 4-2 nA (S.D. = 2-6; n = 56). The distribution of these parameters was independent of membrane potential. We found no significant interrelationships between the membrane properties and one interpretation of this is that our sample may be drawn from a homogenous population of motoneurones. We also suggest that elevator motoneurones may have a lower Rm (specific membrane resistivity) value than cat hindlimb motoneurones because they have a similar range of input resistance values but only half the total surface area.4. Forty-six out of forty-nine neurones fired repetitively to a depolarizing current pulse at a mean threshold of 1-6 x rheobase. Current-frequency plots were constructed for thirteen neurones and all but one showed a primary and secondary range in the firing of the first interspike interval. The mean slope in the primary range was 31 impulses s-1 nA-1 and 77 impulses s-1 nA-1 for the secondary range. The mean minimal firing frequency for steady firing was 26 impulses s-1 and, in response to an increase of stimulation, the rate increased monotonically with a slope of 11 impulses s-1 nA-1.5. The dynamic sensitivity of twelve neurones was assessed from their response to ramp waveforms of current of constant amplitude but varying frequencies (0-2-2 Hz). Firing initially increased along a steep slope up to a frequency of between 40 and 60 impulses s-1 and then increased along a much shallower slope. Both the threshold for eliciting firing and the firing at the transition point of the two slopes remained constant with changes in ramp frequency. This suggests that within the frequency range studied firing is dependent primarily on the amplitude of injected current and not on its rate of change.MS 7810

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Noradrenergic hyperinnervation of the motor trigeminal nucleus: alterations in membrane properties and responses to synaptic input

Cited by 25 publications

References 40 publications

Application of histamine or serotonin to the hypoglossal nucleus increases genioglossus muscle activity across the wake–sleep cycle

Application of histamine or serotonin to the hypoglossal nucleus increases genioglossus muscle activity across the wake–sleep cycle

Noradrenergic modulation of the masseteric reflex in behaving cats. I. Pharmacological studies

The membrane properties and firing characteristics of rat jaw‐elevator motoneurones.

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