“…Norcantharidin (NCTD), a demethylated derivative of cantharidin which is an active ingredient of TCM-Mylabris [1][2][3], is currently used clinically as an optional anticancer drug in China, because of its relatively synthesized facility, potential anticancer activity, and less side-effects such as myelosuppression, gastrointestinal and urinary tract toxicity [1][2][3][4][5]. Increasing evidences show that NCTD not only effectively inhibited the proliferation of many tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, including hepatoma HepG2 [6][7][8], SMMC-7721 [8,9] and BEL-7402 [10,11], gallbladder cancer GBC-SD cells [12,13], colon cancer CT26 and HT29 cells [14,15], breast cancer cells [16,17], leukemia K562 [18] and HL-60 cells [4,5,19], melanoma A375 cells [20], and oral cancer KB cells [21], but also decreased tumor growth and prolonged survival in animal models in vivo [17,22]. As an efficacious anticancer drug, it has been used to treat hepatic cancer, gastric cancer and leucopenia patients in China for many years.…”