Nordic Meals: Methodological Notes on a Comparative Survey

Mäkelä, Johanna; Kjærnes, Unni; Ekström, Mats; Fürst, Elisabeth L’orange; Gronow, Jukka; Holm, Lotte

doi:10.1006/appe.1998.0198

Cited by 57 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In order to avoid any normative approach, meals were defined as “eating events” considered as meals eaten by the participants themselves [19]. Information concerning meals was collected without reference to a three-meal pattern, by referring to meals by their rank instead of their usual names (for further details, see [4]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There Still a French Eating Model? A Taxonomy of Eating Behaviors in Adults Living in the Paris Metropolitan Area in 2010

et al. 2015

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BackgroundMeal times in France still represent an important moment in everyday life. The model of three rigorously synchronized meals is still followed by a majority of people, while meal frequencies have flattened in other European or North-American countries. We aimed to examine the “French model” of eating behavior by identifying and characterizing distinct meal patterns.MethodsAnalyses were based on data from the SIRS cohort, a representative survey of the adult population in the Paris area. A clustering algorithm was applied to meal variables (number, time, location, with whom the meal is usually shared and activities associated with meals). Regression models were used to investigate associations between patterns and socio-demographic, social environment and perceived food quality variables.ResultsFive different patterns were identified among 2994 participants. The first three types (prevalence 33%, 17% and 24%) followed a three-meal pattern, with differences in locations and social interactions mainly related to time constraints and age. More marked differences were observed in the remaining two types. In the fourth type (prevalence 13%), individuals ate one or two meals per day, often with an irregular schedule, at home and in front of the television. They frequently were unemployed and had lower income. Breakfast skipping, increased snacking and a low adherence to dietary guidelines suggested that this behavior might have health consequences. In the fifth type (12%), people also ate two meals or less per day, possibly with the same consequences on food quality. However, meals were often taken outside the home, in social settings, and individuals following this pattern were typically active, integrated, young people, suggesting that this pattern might be an adaptation to a modern urban lifestyle.ConclusionsWhile a majority of the population still follows the three-meal pattern, our analysis distinguished two other eating patterns associated with specific sociological profiles.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There Still a French Eating Model? A Taxonomy of Eating Behaviors in Adults Living in the Paris Metropolitan Area in 2010

et al. 2015

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“…After this, and for each event, the questionnaire prompts about the content of the meal, the location, the duration, and the context (with whom, where, activities during eating, etc.) (Holm et al, 2012;Mäkelä et al, 1999). These recordings of all aspects of eating resemble the kind of micro-behavioral information that is gathered through time budget diaries.…”

Section: The Study Set-up and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…breakfast, lunch, dinner) (Mäkelä et al, 1999). However, in the 2012 survey participants were prompted for what they would call the eating event in question (options: "breakfast", "lunch", "dinner", "in-between", "evening meal", and "other") after having reported time of eating and other contextual information.…”

Section: The Study Set-up and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destructuration or continuity? The daily rhythm of eating in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden in 1997 and 2012

Lund

Gronow

2014

Appetite

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“…Most of these preferences are learned via experiences (2). The choice of food, however, is a complex behaviour that is also influenced by factors related to the social context (3) School meals are organized differently in the Scandinavian countries (4). In Denmark, most children have a packed lunch provided by the parents, whereas meals are prepared at schools in Sweden.…”

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confidence: 99%

Acceptance of Nordic snack bars in children aged 8–11 years

Holmer

Hausner²,

Reinbach³

et al. 2012

Food & Nutrition Research

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BackgroundA health promoting diet is suggested to be tailored to regional circumstances to preserve the cultural diversity in eating habits, as well as contribute to more environmentally friendly eating. It may influence consumer acceptance, however, if the components of the diet differs considerably from their habitual food.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate whether snack bars composed of Nordic ingredients were accepted by 8–11 year-old Danish (n=134) and Swedish (n=109) children.DesignA seven-point hedonic scale was used to measure the children's acceptance of five snack bars that varied in their composition of whole grains, berries and nuts. A preference rank ordering of the five bars was also performed.ResultsThe results showed that samples that were rated highest in liking and were most preferred in both countries were a kamut/pumpkin bar and an oat/cranberry bar. The sample with the lowest rating that was also least preferred was a pumpernickel/sea buckthorn bar. Flavour was the most important determinant of overall liking followed by texture, odour and appearance.ConclusionsChildren's acceptances and preferences were highly influenced by the sensory characteristics of the bars, mainly flavour. In agreement with earlier studies, the novel food ingredients seemed to influence children's preferences. The Nordic snack bars may have a potential to be a snack option for Danish and Swedish school children, but repeated exposures to the products are recommended to increase children's acceptance.

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Nordic Meals: Methodological Notes on a Comparative Survey

Cited by 57 publications

References 3 publications

Is There Still a French Eating Model? A Taxonomy of Eating Behaviors in Adults Living in the Paris Metropolitan Area in 2010

Is There Still a French Eating Model? A Taxonomy of Eating Behaviors in Adults Living in the Paris Metropolitan Area in 2010

Destructuration or continuity? The daily rhythm of eating in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden in 1997 and 2012

Acceptance of Nordic snack bars in children aged 8–11 years

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