Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023

Blomhoff, Rune; Andersen, Rikke; Arnesen, Erik Kristoffer; Christensen, Jacob Juel; Eneroth, Hanna; Erkkola, Maijaliisa; Gudanaviciene, Ieva; Halldórsson, Þórhallur Ingi; Høyer-Lund, Anne; Lemming, Eva Warensjö; Meltzer, Helle Margrete; Pitsi, Tagli; Siksna, Inese; Þórsdóttir, Inga; Trolle, Ellen

doi:10.6027/nord2023-003

Cited by 158 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…With current knowledge, there is no specific diet or exercise that is superior to others 5 . The updated EBG recommendations 5 are consistent with population guidelines for physical activity, 8 as well as for diet according to the new Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 9 . When discussing lifestyle management, healthcare professionals should be aware of misinformation on lifestyle advice and of the weight stigma experienced by many women with PCOS.…”

Section: Lifestyle Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

International evidence‐based guideline on assessment and management of PCOS—A Nordic perspective

Forslund,

Melin,

Stener‐Victorin

et al. 2023

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects about 12% of women of reproductive age. In 2018, the first evidence‐based guideline on assessment and management of PCOS was published, and an updated extended guideline was released in August 2023. These guidelines followed best practice and are endorsed by 39 organizations worldwide, making them the most robust source of evidence to guide clinical practice. In the 2023 guideline, diagnostic criteria have been further refined as polycystic ovary morphology can now be assessed with gynecological ultrasound or elevated anti‐Müllerian hormone levels. A healthy lifestyle should be at the focus of care for all women with PCOS; however, with no specific diet or physical exercise recommended. The latest evidence on medical treatments and fertility management are reviewed, including special considerations regarding long‐term follow‐up of metabolic and psychiatric comorbidities and pregnancy in women with PCOS. Here we summarize the recommendations from a Nordic perspective.

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Section: Lifestyle Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

International evidence‐based guideline on assessment and management of PCOS—A Nordic perspective

Forslund,

Melin,

Stener‐Victorin

et al. 2023

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand

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“…Red meat mainly refers to meat derived from pork, cattle, sheep and goat (1,2) . Processed meat primarily consists of red meat that has undergone modifications like curing, salting, or smoking and often contains minced fatty tissues.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Processed meat primarily consists of red meat that has undergone modifications like curing, salting, or smoking and often contains minced fatty tissues. It includes items such as bacon, sausages, ham, salami, liver pate and similar products (1) . Red meat is an important source of energy and nutrients such as proteins, essential amino acids, vitamin B 6 , vitamin B 12 , Zn and Fe (1) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It includes items such as bacon, sausages, ham, salami, liver pate and similar products (1) . Red meat is an important source of energy and nutrients such as proteins, essential amino acids, vitamin B 6 , vitamin B 12 , Zn and Fe (1) . However, red meat, especially processed meat, is also a significant source of SFA and of substances formed during processing that can have adverse effects on health (1,3) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evidence indicates that the association with mortality is stronger and more consistent for processed meat compared with red meat (9) . The precise mechanisms underlying the adverse health effects linked to the consumption of red and processed meat are not yet fully established (1,3) . However, the presence of saturated fats and heme iron, in addition to Na and processed induced substances such as heterocyclic aromatic amines, and lipid peroxidation products, have been proposed to contribute to the increased mortality and disease from processed meat consumption compared with red meat consumption (1,3) .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Replacing red and processed meat with lean or fatty fish and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Norwegian women. The Norwegian Women and Cancer Study (NOWAC): a prospective cohort study

Enget Jensen,

Braaten,

Jacobsen

et al. 2023

Br J Nutr

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Nordic Nutrition Recommendations recommend reducing red and processed meat and increasing fish consumption, but the impact of this replacement on mortality is understudied. This study investigated the replacement of red and processed meat with fish in relation to mortality. Of 83 304 women in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study (NOWAC) study, 9420 died during a median of 21·0 years of follow-up. The hazard ratios (HR) for mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression with analyses stratified on red and processed meat intake due to non-linearity. Higher processed meat (> 30 g/d), red and processed meat (> 50 g/d), and fatty fish consumption were associated with higher mortality, while red meat and lean fish consumption were neutral or beneficial. Among women with higher processed meat intake (> 30 g/d), replacing 20 g/d with lean fish was associated with lower all-cause (HR 0·92, 95 % CI 0·89, 0·96), cancer (HR 0·92, 95 % CI 0·88, 0·97) and CVD mortality (HR 0·82, 95 % CI 0·74, 0·90), while replacing with fatty fish was associated with lower CVD mortality (HR 0·87, 95 % CI 0·77, 0·97), but not with all-cause or cancer mortality. Replacing processed meat with fish among women with lower processed meat intake (≤ 30 g/d) or replacing red meat with fish was not associated with mortality. Replacing processed meat with lean or fatty fish may lower the risk of premature deaths in Norwegian women, but only in women with high intake of processed meat. These findings suggest that interventions to reduce processed meat intake should target high consumers.

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Meat consumption and obesity: A climate‐friendly way to reduce health inequalities

Sares‐Jäske,

Tapanainen,

Valsta

et al. 2024

Public Health Challenges

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BackgroundClimate change, health inequalities and obesity are considerable public health challenges of the 21st century. Red and processed meat (RPM) consumption is associated with an increased risk of obesity and with higher climate impact. At the same time, educational inequalities exist not only in RPM consumption and obesity but also in other health behaviours. Thus, we investigated whether educational inequalities exist in the association between RPM consumption and obesity, while also considering health behaviours (physical activity, vegetable, legume and fruit consumption, alcohol consumption and smoking) as potential confounding and effect modifying factors.MethodsThe FinHealth 2017 Study data, including 4494 participants aged 18–74 years, were used. A validated food frequency questionnaire was employed to determine dietary intake. Height and weight were measured by trained study nurses. Linear and logistic regression models were used.ResultsOdds of obesity increased along with RPM consumption in women (p < 0.001) and men (p < 0.001) and in each educational group regardless of other unfavourable health behaviours. Only in men with basic education were the differences between RPM consumption categories not statistically significant. Compared to those with high education and the lowest RPM consumption, those with basic education and the highest RPM consumption had multiple odds of obesity (odds ratio (95% confidence interval) among women: 7.5 (2.7–20.4); among men: 5.3 (2.5–11.1)).ConclusionHigh RPM consumption appears to be associated with obesity independently of other unfavourable health behaviours or education, yet the odds are higher with basic education. Targeting unhealthy dietary patterns with heavy ecological burden could help reduce both health inequalities and mitigate climate change.

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Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023

Cited by 158 publications

References 51 publications

International evidence‐based guideline on assessment and management of PCOS—A Nordic perspective

International evidence‐based guideline on assessment and management of PCOS—A Nordic perspective

Replacing red and processed meat with lean or fatty fish and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Norwegian women. The Norwegian Women and Cancer Study (NOWAC): a prospective cohort study

Meat consumption and obesity: A climate‐friendly way to reduce health inequalities

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