2021
DOI: 10.1002/essoar.10506171.1
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Nordic Seas Heat Loss, Atlantic Inflow, and Arctic Sea Ice cover over the last century

Abstract: Poleward ocean heat transport is a key process in the earth system. We detail and review the northward Atlantic Water (AW) flow, Arctic Ocean heat transport, and heat loss to the atmosphere since 1900 in relation to sea ice cover. Our synthesis is largely based on a sea ice-ocean model forced by a reanalysis atmosphere corroborated by a comprehensive hydrographic database (1950-), AW inflow observations (1996-), and other long-term time series of sea ice extent (1900-), glacier retreat (1984-), and Barents Se… Show more

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Cited by 6 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…These findings are aligned with a suite of recent studies on the heat budget of the Nordic Seas recently reviewed by Smedsrud et al. (2022) and provide a separation of the response in SST into independent underlying factors. Increases in AW inflow in part contradict evidence for decreases in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) (e.g., Smeed et al., 2018), which are based on deepwater moorings further south.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 89%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…These findings are aligned with a suite of recent studies on the heat budget of the Nordic Seas recently reviewed by Smedsrud et al. (2022) and provide a separation of the response in SST into independent underlying factors. Increases in AW inflow in part contradict evidence for decreases in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) (e.g., Smeed et al., 2018), which are based on deepwater moorings further south.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 89%
“…Strong seasonal variability is also evident in the annual build‐up and melt of sea‐ice. Summertime sea‐ice melt along the east Greenland shelf absorbs considerable amounts of latent heat, and releases cold, fresh waters initially lowering summer SST in the western part of the Nordic Seas (Smedsrud et al., 2022). This is reflected in the high frequency signal captured in EOF3 (Figure 6).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The “Atlantification” in our observations is demonstrated by the shoaling of the AW and the westward shift of the Polar‐Atlantic front (Figures 6g and 6h). In general, the “Atlantification” of the Arctic Ocean, which has been occurring over the last century, denotes a larger presence of AW in the water column, and an increase in heat transport toward the Arctic Ocean (Smedsrud et al., 2021; Steele & Boyd, 1998). At present, it is not clear if the “Atlantification” of the western Fram Strait described here is due to increased AW recirculation north of the mooring array or due to advection from the Eurasian basin.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…All three model simulations reproduce the water masses found in the observational casts well, and the pycnocline is located at the right depth. The IGP run diverges somewhat from the ASR and ERA runs; this is likely due to interannual to decadal variability, linked to for example, variability in the warm water inflow to the Nordic Seas (Østerhus et al., 2019), variability in heat loss over the Nordic Seas (Smedsrud et al., 2022), and variability in the amount of retroflection of the West Spitsbergen Current in Fram Strait (Hattermann et al., 2016) which redirects some of the warm and saline water into the East Greenland Current. The salinity profile in the IGP run is an excellent match to the observations, while the ASR and ERA runs have a fresh bias between 50 and 250 m depth; this too can be due to interannual variability.…”
Section: Time‐mean Hydrography and Circulation In The Fjordsmentioning
confidence: 99%