Humans are remarkably social beings who are highly motivated to establish significant interpersonal relationships. Baumeister and Leary (1995) posit that the need to belong is a fundamental human need that developed evolutionarily to increase the likelihood of survival. The establishment of social groups provided advantages in securing food, providing protection against outside threats, and increasing reproductive opportunities (Heinrich & Gullone, 2006), and thus the general motivation to establish social connections became a selectedfor trait that propagated psychological mechanisms that favored positive social contact and disfavored social isolation. Thus, over time, the need for developing satisfying social connections became psychologically embedded (Leary, 2015), and fundamental belongingness needs form the basis of several early psychological theories of human development that focus on the relation between establishing meaningful social relationships and the development of self-identity (Bowlby, 1969;Erikson, 1993;Heinrich & Gullone, 2006;Rokach, 1989). However, despite the strong (wired-in) motivation to establish social connections, sometimes people feel a disconnect between their desired level of social connection and what they perceive their current level to be. In other words, they perceive that their belongingness needs are not being met, and this discrepancy between desired and currently perceived feelings of belongingness results in feelings of loneliness.The feeling of loneliness-like any threat to fundamental human needs-is an aversive state from which people are highly motivated to escape (Baumeister & Leary, 1995;Perlman & Peplau, 1981;Rucker & Cannon, 2019). Often this is not problematic; after all, almost everyone experiences feelings of loneliness from time to time Rotenberg, 1999), and these feelings of loneliness are usually easily remedied by establishing new social connections or re-establishing old ones. However, at least two interrelated aspects of loneliness make it very problematic. The first is that although most people are successful at alleviating momentary feelings