Norepinephrine and Epinephrine Levels in Affected Versus Unaffected Limbs in Sympathetically Maintained Pain

Harden, R.; Duc, Thomas A.; Williams, Timothy R.; Coley, Denise M.; Cate, John C.; Gracely, Richard H.

doi:10.1097/00002508-199412000-00014

Cited by 118 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…24,25,70,71 These data support the idea that CRPS I is associated with disturbed sympathetic re¯ex patterns in the aected extremity. 20,22 The locus of pathophysiological changes underlying such disturbed re¯ex activity must be in the central nervous system.…”

Section: 65supporting

confidence: 58%

Complex regional pain syndrome – diagnostic, mechanisms, CNS involvement and therapy

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Complex regional pain syndromes (CRPS, formerly re¯ex sympathetic dystrophy and causalgia) are neuropathic pain conditions of one extremity developing inadequately after a trauma. The initiating trauma aects primarily the extremity, but can also be a central lesion (e.g., spinal cord injury, stroke). CRPS is clinically characterized by sensory, autonomic and motor disturbances. Pathophysiologically there is evidence for functional changes within the central nervous system and for involvement of peripheral in¯ammatory processes. The sympathetic nervous system plays a key role in maintaining pain and autonomic dysfunction in the aected extremity. After a primary central lesion, secondary peripheral changes in the paretic extremity are suggested to be important in initiating a CRPS. Though there is no diagnostic gold standard, careful clinical evaluation and additional test procedures should lead to an adequate diagnosis. An early diagnosis and an interdisciplinary approach are important for optimal and successful treatment.

show abstract

Section: 65supporting

confidence: 58%

Complex regional pain syndrome – diagnostic, mechanisms, CNS involvement and therapy

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Wasner et al 6 showed that venous NE levels were statistically decreased in affected side indicating a substantial decrease of transmitter release from postganglionic sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibers. In a similar study, Harden et al 7 demonstrated that subjects with CRPS have asymmetric venous pool plasma concentrations of NE when affected and unaffected limbs are compared, decreased NE levels in the affected limb. Although we did not measure NE levels in the current study, we think that the possible NE difference between extremities might cause this decreased value of PI in healthy extremities of CRPS patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Perfusion Index is Increased in Acute Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1

Tutoğlu¹

2015

Arch Rheumatol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives:This study aims to investigate whether perfusion index (PI) changes in the affected extremity of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) patients compared to other extremities, and define the possible value of this noninvasive method in evaluating CRPS patients' peripheral perfusion. Patients and methods: Twenty-five CRPS type 1 patients (17 males, 8 females; mean age 37.9±15.1 years; range 20 to 53 years) who fulfilled the Budapest criteria and 22 age, sex and body mass index matched healthy controls from the staff of our hospital were enrolled. The patients and controls were laid in supine position with the palms facing upward. A pulse oximeter sensor was first attached to the fourth finger of the hand with CPRS, and then to the fourth finger of the unaffected hand. PI values were recorded at five minutes after the attachment of the probe. The control group underwent the same procedure for both extremities. Results:The PI values were significantly different between healthy and affected hands of the patients (p=0.007). PI values did not show a significant difference between the left and right hands of the subjects in the control group (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that peripheral PI of the extremities of early stage CRPS type 1 patients may be useful in the diagnosis process.

show abstract

“…Konu üzerindeki son çalışmalar neticesinde terminoloji daha basite indirgenmiştir. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Sempatik sinir sistemi disfonksiyonu sıklıkla ağrı disfonksiyonu sendromunun bir parçası olarak ortaya çıkar. Ağrı disfonksiyon sendromunun primer üç önemli bileşeni vardır.…”

Section: Termi̇noloji̇unclassified

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of knee

Ozgur¹

2012

TOTBİD Dergisi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Norepinephrine and Epinephrine Levels in Affected Versus Unaffected Limbs in Sympathetically Maintained Pain

Cited by 118 publications

References 0 publications

Complex regional pain syndrome – diagnostic, mechanisms, CNS involvement and therapy

Complex regional pain syndrome – diagnostic, mechanisms, CNS involvement and therapy

Perfusion Index is Increased in Acute Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of knee

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About