Norepinephrine in the brain is associated with aversion to financial loss

Takahashi, Hidehiko; Fujie, Shumpei; Camerer, Colin F.; Arakawa, Ryosuke; Takano, Harumasa; Kodaka, Fumitoshi; Matsui, Hiroshi; Ideno, Takashi; Okubo, Shigetaka; Takemura, Kyoko; Yamada, Makiko; Eguchi, Yoko; Murai, Toshiya; Okubo, Yoshiro; Kato, Masaaki; Itô, Haruo; Suhara, Tetsuya

doi:10.1038/mp.2012.7

Cited by 43 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In addition, risk indifference by individuals with higher norepinephrine transporters (Takahashi et al, 2013), along with noradrenalic modulation of arousal (Berridge, 2008), suggests that low arousal would underlie risk indifference, leading to gambling behavior. On the other hand, the insula represents risk-related signals such as risk prediction and risk prediction error (Preuschoff et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insular activation during reward anticipation reflects duration of illness in abstinent pathological gamblers

et al. 2014

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Pathological gambling (PG) is a chronic mental disorder characterized by a difficulty restraining gambling behavior despite negative consequences. Although brain abnormalities in patients with substance use disorders are caused by repetitive drug use and recover partly with drug abstinence, the relationship between brain activity and duration of illness or abstinence of gambling behavior in PG patients remains unclear. Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we compared the brain activity of 23 PG patients recruited from a treatment facility with 27 demographically-matched healthy control subjects during reward anticipation, and examined the correlations between brain activity and duration of illness or abstinence in PG patients. During reward anticipation, PG patients showed decreased activity compared to healthy controls in a broad range of the reward system regions, including the insula cortex. In PG patients, activation in the left insula showed a significant negative correlation with illness duration. Our findings suggest that insular activation during reward anticipation may serve as a marker of progression of pathological gambling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insular activation during reward anticipation reflects duration of illness in abstinent pathological gamblers

et al. 2014

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“…In healthy volunteers, a single dose of the centrally acting beta blocker propranolol reduced the perceived magnitude of losses (Rogers et al, 2004) and normal variations in norepinephrine reuptake transporter in the thalamus, as assessed by PET, correlate with loss aversion (Takahashi et al, 2013). An explanation for this is that norepinephrine increases the arousal response to potential losses, and low norepinephrine signaling may therefore reduce loss aversion.…”

Section: Risk Taking and Loss Aversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of dopamine in risk taking: a specific look at Parkinsonâ€™s disease and gambling

Clark

Dagher

2014

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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An influential model suggests that dopamine signals the difference between predicted and experienced reward. In this way, dopamine can act as a learning signal that can shape behaviors to maximize rewards and avoid punishments. Dopamine is also thought to invigorate reward seeking behavior. Loss of dopamine signaling is the major abnormality in Parkinson’s disease. Dopamine agonists have been implicated in the occurrence of impulse control disorders in Parkinson’s disease patients, the most common being pathological gambling, compulsive sexual behavior, and compulsive buying. Recently, a number of functional imaging studies investigating impulse control disorders in Parkinson’s disease have been published. Here we review this literature, and attempt to place it within a decision-making framework in which potential gains and losses are evaluated to arrive at optimum choices. We also provide a hypothetical but still incomplete model on the effect of dopamine agonist treatment on these value and risk assessments. Two of the main brain structures thought to be involved in computing aspects of reward and loss are the ventral striatum (VStr) and the insula, both dopamine projection sites. Both structures are consistently implicated in functional brain imaging studies of pathological gambling in Parkinson’s disease.

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“…Loss aversion is expressed as a steeper slope in a loss area than that in a gain area. Previous studies investigating the neural substrate of loss aversion suggested that striatum (Chib et al 2012; Tom et al 2007) and amygdala (De Martino et al 2010) are involved in this phenomenon, and loss aversion is modulated by thalamic norepinephrine transmissions (Takahashi et al 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity of Loss Aversion in Pathological Gambling

et al. 2015

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Pathological gambling (PG) is characterized by continual repeated gambling behavior despite negative consequences. PG is considered to be a disorder of altered decision-making under risk, and behavioral economics tools were utilized by studies on decision-making under risk. At the same time, PG was suggested to be a heterogeneous disorder in terms of personality traits as well as risk attitude. We aimed to examine the heterogeneity of PG in terms of loss aversion, which means that a loss is subjectively felt to be larger than the same amount of gain. Thirty-one male PG subjects and 26 male healthy control (HC) subjects underwent a behavioral economics task for estimation of loss aversion and personality traits assessment. Although loss aversion in PG subjects was not significantly different from that in HC subjects, distributions of loss aversion differed between PG and HC subjects. HC subjects were uniformly classified into three levels (low, middle, high) of loss aversion, whereas PG subjects were mostly classified into the two extremes, and few PG subjects were classified into the middle range. PG subjects with low and high loss aversion showed a significant difference in anxiety, excitement-seeking and craving intensity. Our study suggested that PG was a heterogeneous disorder in terms of loss aversion. This result might be useful for understanding cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms and the establishment of treatment strategies for PG.

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Norepinephrine in the brain is associated with aversion to financial loss

Cited by 43 publications

References 10 publications

Insular activation during reward anticipation reflects duration of illness in abstinent pathological gamblers

Insular activation during reward anticipation reflects duration of illness in abstinent pathological gamblers

The role of dopamine in risk taking: a specific look at Parkinsonâ€™s disease and gambling

Heterogeneity of Loss Aversion in Pathological Gambling

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