Norepinephrine Spillover from Human Adipose Tissue before and after a 72-Hour Fast

Patel, J.; Goldstein, David S.; Miles, John M.; Eisenhofer, Graeme

doi:10.1210/jcem.87.7.8695

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Caloric restriction also enhances lipolysis by increasing beta-adrenergic receptors in the adipose tissue [30,31] and, in normal body weight subjects, the norepinephrine spillover from the fat depots [32]. In obese subjects, a blunted sympathetic activation in the adipose tissue district could lead to defective lipolysis and, by consequence, to a smaller weight reduction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of insulin on cardiac autonomic balance predicts weight reduction after gastric bypass

et al. 2005

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Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to assess the predictive role of autonomic reactivity in body weight loss induced by gastric bypass. Methods: A group of 22 morbidly obese subjects, who were due to undergo a gastric bypass, were submitted, before surgery, to a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp, during which a continuous recording of the ECG was performed. The effect of insulin on cardiac autonomic balance was evaluated by performing power spectral analysis of heart rate variability. The low-to-high frequency ratio was calculated before and during the clamp and its modifications were expressed as % delta low-to-high frequency ratio (%Δ L: H). Results: Preoperative %Δ L: H showed a significant (p=0.0009, r 2 =0.43), positive relationship to the reduction of body weight, measured 1 year after surgery and expressed as % excess weight loss (% EWL). Preoperative BMI was also significantly (p=0.0009, r 2 =0.43) negatively related to the 12-month % EWL. In a multiple regression analysis, %Δ L: H remained a significant (p=0.003), independent predictor of body weight loss, even when preoperative BMI or age, % fat mass, insulinaemia and glucose disposal were taken into account. Conclusions/ interpretation: The best correction of excess body weight was achieved by those obese subjects who had a preserved capacity to shift their cardiac autonomic balance towards a sympathetic prevalence in response to an euglycaemichyperinsulinaemic clamp. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms through which the autonomic nervous system influences weight reduction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of insulin on cardiac autonomic balance predicts weight reduction after gastric bypass

et al. 2005

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“…It has been demonstrated that fasting increases norepinephrine spillover selectively from the adipose tissue; 25 furthermore, the beta-adrenergic-stimulated lipolysis is enhanced during hypocaloric diet: 9 these phenomena could be particularly evident in patients with a high degree of sympathetic reactivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between sympathetic reactivity and body weight loss in morbidly obese subjects

et al. 2004

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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the possible role of peripheral sympathetic activity in gastric bypass-induced body weight loss. SUBJECTS AND METHODS:In 42 morbidly obese patients (sex: 36 f/6 m; BMI: 46.070.7 kg/m 2 ) undergoing a gastric bypass, the skin vasoconstrictor reflex in answer to a deep inspiration was measured by laser Doppler fluximetry. The extent of vasoconstriction, measured at the second finger of the left hand, was expressed as percent reduction of the basal blood flux (% vasoconstriction). Insulin sensitivity was assessed before surgery in a subset of patients (n ¼ 11), by the method of euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp. Body weight and composition were evaluated before, and 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. At the same time points, energy intake (kJ/day) was evaluated by means of both food record diary and alimentary anamnesis. RESULTS: The % vasoconstriction, which was significantly (P ¼ 0.01) greater in normoglycemic subjects than in diabetic ones, was also significantly (P ¼ 0.03) related to the extent of insulin sensitivity measured during the euglycemic clamp. The % vasoconstriction showed a significant (P40.0001), positive correlation with weight reduction obtained between the 6th and 12th months following surgery; as a consequence, % vasoconstriction was significantly (P ¼ 0.0004) related to the overall body weight loss achieved during the year following the operation. These correlations remained significant in multiple regression analysis with adjustment for age, initial body weight, plasma glucose and insulin (P ¼ 0.0007 and 0.006, respectively). The % vasoconstriction was also significantly (P ¼ 0.0006), negatively related to energy intake measured 12 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: In conditions of stable body weight, the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) reactivity is influenced by the degree of insulin resistance. A high capacity to activate the SNS, measured before surgery, is associated with both a larger gastric bypass-induced weight loss and a lower energy intake, at the phase of weight stabilization.

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“…Conversely, ATBF increases in periods of starvation and postprandially. 50,51 Interestingly, the postprandial rise in ATBF is not a direct insulin effect but is mainly mediated through catecholamines and nitric oxide. 52,53 ATBF changes of the abdominal fat depot have been well studied in different settings; however, little is known regarding ATBF regulation in the lower-body fat depot.…”

Section: Fatty Acid Storage and Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Gluteofemoral body fat as a determinant of metabolic health

2010

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Body fat distribution is an important metabolic and cardiovascular risk factor, because the proportion of abdominal to gluteofemoral body fat correlates with obesity-associated diseases and mortality. Here, we review the evidence and possible mechanisms that support a specific protective role of gluteofemoral body fat. Population studies show that an increased gluteofemoral fat mass is independently associated with a protective lipid and glucose profile, as well as a decrease in cardiovascular and metabolic risk. Studies of adipose tissue physiology in vitro and in vivo confirm distinct properties of the gluteofemoral fat depot with regards to lipolysis and fatty acid uptake: in day-to-day metabolism it appears to be more passive than the abdominal depot and it exerts its protective properties by long-term fatty acid storage. Further, a beneficial adipokine profile is associated with gluteofemoral fat. Leptin and adiponectin levels are positively associated with gluteofemoral fat while the level of inflammatory cytokines is negatively associated. Finally, loss of gluteofemoral fat, as observed in Cushing's syndrome and lipodystrophy is associated with an increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk. This underlines gluteofemoral fat's role as a determinant of health by the long-term entrapment of excess fatty acids, thus protecting from the adverse effects associated with ectopic fat deposition.

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Norepinephrine Spillover from Human Adipose Tissue before and after a 72-Hour Fast

Cited by 39 publications

References 35 publications

The effect of insulin on cardiac autonomic balance predicts weight reduction after gastric bypass

The effect of insulin on cardiac autonomic balance predicts weight reduction after gastric bypass

Relationship between sympathetic reactivity and body weight loss in morbidly obese subjects

Gluteofemoral body fat as a determinant of metabolic health

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