Norfloxacin salts of carboxylic acids curtail planktonic and biofilm mode of growth in ESKAPE pathogens

Lowrence, R.C.; Ramakrishnan, Ananth Hari; Sundaramoorthy, Niranjana Sri; Shyam, A.; Mohan, V P; Subbarao, H.M.V.; Ulaganathan, Venkatasubramanian; Raman, Thiagarajan; Solomon, Adline Princy; Nagarajan, Saisubramanian

doi:10.1111/jam.13651

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Zebrafish was chosen as an in vivo model because of its 80% genetic homology to humans, coupled with its ease of growth and maintenance. Earlier work from our group has shown zebrafish serves as a better model to study bacterial infections prior to evaluation in higher animal models 17,24,25 . To evaluate whether plasmid curing can occur in vivo , fish were injected intramuscularly with 0.1 OD (corresponding to ~1 × 10 6 Colony forming units (CFU)/ml) of U3790 strain and were segregated into four groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub lethal levels of platinum nanoparticle cures plasmid and in combination with carbapenem, curtails carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli

Bharathan

Sundaramoorthy

Chandrasekaran

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Drug resistance traits are rapidly disseminated across bacteria by horizontal gene transfer, especially through plasmids. Plasmid curing agents that are active both in vitro and in vivo will resensitize Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) bacteria to antimicrobial agents. Pectin capped platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) at sub MIC (20 µM) concentration was effective, in causing loss of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) harboring plasmid as evidenced by, absence of plasmid in agarose gel and by a concomitant (16–64 fold) drop in MIC for cell wall inhibitors ceftriaxone and meropenem, in carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli (CREC). Interestingly, the plasmid cured strain exhibited small colony morphology and displayed slower growth both in vitro and in vivo . Complementation of cured strain with plasmid from the wild type strain restored resistance towards meropenem and ceftriaxone. Relative to wild type, plasmid cured strain displayed 50% reduction in biofilm formation. Plasmid curing also occurred in vivo in infected zebrafish with curing efficiency of 17% for nanoparticle + meropenem treatment. PtNPs + meropenem reduced bioburden of CREC in infected zebrafish by 2.4 log CFU. Mechanistic studies revealed that nanoparticle interacted with cell surface and perturbed inner membrane integrity. PtNPs did not induce ROS, yet it caused plasmid DNA cleavage, as evidenced by gyrase inhibition assay. Our study for the first time reveals that PtNPs as plasmid curing agent can resensitize MDR bacteria to selective antimicrobial agents in vivo .

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub lethal levels of platinum nanoparticle cures plasmid and in combination with carbapenem, curtails carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli

Bharathan

Sundaramoorthy

Chandrasekaran

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…Society may be entering a post-antibiotic era with existing antibiotics gradually becoming ineffective due to resistance. This has major threats to health, as well as national security, for example pandemics and bioterrorism [4]. Current estimates reveal an annual death toll of 700,000 people due to antibiotic resistance and a projection that by 2050, 10 million lives may be at risk if nothing is done to halt the drift towards increasing AMR [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of acetone leaf extracts of nine under-investigated south African Eugenia and Syzygium (Myrtaceae) species and their selectivity indices

Famuyide

Aro

Fasina

et al. 2019

BMC Complement Altern Med

157

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Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains an important global health issue but the gap between AMR and development of new antimicrobials is increasing. Plant extracts may have good activity per se or may be sources of effective antimicrobial compounds which can act against planktonic and/or biofilms of pathogens. We determined the antimicrobial efficacy and cytotoxicity of some under-investigated plants from the Myrtaceae family endemic to South Africa. The ability of the plant extracts to inhibit or destroy pre-formed bacterial biofilms was also determined. Methods Based on previous preliminary in vitro screening and on chemotaxonomy, nine species from the Myrtaceae family were selected. The antimicrobial activity of the crude acetone leaf extracts was determined against six common nosocomial pathogens, namely: Gram-positive bacteria ( Bacillus cereus , Enterococcus faecalis , Staphylococcus aureus ), Gram-negative bacteria ( Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Salmonella Typhimurium) using a two-fold serial microdilution assay with p-iodonitrotetrazolium violet as growth indicator. The number of antimicrobial compounds present in extracts was determined by bioautography. Cytotoxicity of extracts was determined against Vero kidney cells using a colorimetric tetrazolium-based assay. The total antibacterial activity (TAA) in ml/g and selectivity index (LC 50 /MIC) of the plant extracts were calculated. A modified crystal violet assay was used to determine the antibiofilm activity of the extracts. Results Syzygium legatii , Syzygium masukuense , and Syzygium species A had the best activities against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (MIC) values ranging from 0.04–0.08 mg/ml. Eugenia erythrophylla had the best MIC (0.02 mg/ml) against Bacillus cereus . Many extracts had relatively low cytotoxicity (LC 50 > 20 μg/ml) leading to reasonable selectivity indices. Three leaf extracts ( Syzygium masukuense , Syzygium species A, and Eugenia natalitia ) were moderately cytotoxic (20 μg/ml < LC 50 < 100 μg/ml). The plant extracts had a good capacity to reduce biofilm formation and good to poor potential to destroy pre-formed biofilms. Conclusions The plant species examined in this study had varying degrees of antibacterial activity against bacterial planktonic and biofilm forms with some having good activity against both forms. Several of these selected species may be potential candidates for further investigation to isolate antimicrobial compounds and to determ...

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“…There are chances for society to go through a postantibiotic period with present antibiotics getting ineffective slowly because of resistance. This contains big threats in terms of health and national security as well; for instance, bioterrorism and pandemics [2]. The estimation taken at the present time discloses a death toll of about 700,000 people annually.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Activities of Citrus sinensis and Moringa oleifera Against the Pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus

Zubair¹

2020

Cureus

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The plant Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae), generally termed as drumstick tree, and Citrus sinensis Linn (Rutaceae) fruit have the ability to treat multiple human infections. A biofilm is none other than a complicated microbial community whose nature is greatly resistant to antimicrobial elements. The development of biofilms in abiotic and biotic surfaces has a connection with higher levels of mortality and morbidity. Along with that, it is regarded as a vital element of bacterial pathogenicity. AimThe present study evaluated the inhibitory effect and anti-biofilm activity of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) and Citrus sinensis (C. sinensis) extracts against those of pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).

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Norfloxacin salts of carboxylic acids curtail planktonic and biofilm mode of growth in ESKAPE pathogens

Abstract: Our study shows that carboxylic acid salts of norfloxacin could be effectively employed to treat both planktonic- and biofilm-based infections caused by select members of ESKAPE pathogens.

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Sub lethal levels of platinum nanoparticle cures plasmid and in combination with carbapenem, curtails carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli

Sub lethal levels of platinum nanoparticle cures plasmid and in combination with carbapenem, curtails carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli

Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of acetone leaf extracts of nine under-investigated south African Eugenia and Syzygium (Myrtaceae) species and their selectivity indices

Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Activities of Citrus sinensis and Moringa oleifera Against the Pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus

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