Normal and abnormal embryonic development of the anorectum in rats

Bai, Yuling; Chen, Hui; Yuan, Zheng Wei; Wang, Weilin

doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2003.12.002

Cited by 52 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…About 80% of the offspring of these rats have ARMs ranging from a simple, covered anus to rectourethral fistulae [Hirai and Kuwabara, 1990], which closely resemble those seen in neonates with ARMs, so this is an ideal animal model for investigating ARM embryogenesis. ETU-induced ARM in rat embryos has been previously used to study the morphological changes of ARM by our group and others [Qi et al, 2002;Bai et al, 2004;Mandhan et al, 2006;Zhang et al, 2009].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatiotemporal Expression of Cdx4 in the Developing Anorectum of Rat Embryos with Ethylenethiourea-Induced Anorectal Malformations

Tang

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2014

Cells Tissues Organs

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the expression of Cdx4 (caudal-type homeobox gene-4) during anorectal development in normal and ethylenethiourea (ETU)-induced anorectal malformation (ARM) embryos with a view to establishing the possible role of Cdx4 in ARM pathogenesis. Materials and Methods: ARM was induced by ETU on the 10th gestational day (GD10) in rat embryos. Cesarean deliveries were then performed to harvest the embryos. Spatiotemporal expression of Cdx4 was evaluated in normal rat embryos (n = 354) and ARM embryos (n = 378) from GD13 to GD16. Results: Immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescencerevealed that, in normal embryos, Cdx4 expression was extensively detected on the epithelium of the cloaca on GD13. On GD14, the Cdx4-positive cells were intensively detected on the hindgut. On GD15, the anal membrane was constantly immunoreactive to Cdx4. On GD16, Cdx4-labeled cells were observed on the epithelium of the anus. In the ARM embryos, the epithelium of the cloaca, urorectal septum (URS) and anorectum was negative or faint for Cdx4. In the normal embryo group, Cdx4 protein and mRNA expression showed time-dependent changes in the developing hindgut from GD13 to GD16 on Western blot and real-time reverse transcription plus polymerase chain reaction. Once the URS divided the cloaca into the primitive rectum and urogenital sinus (UGS) on GD15, Cdx4 expression began to decrease. In addition, the expression level of Cdx4 in the ARM group from GD13 to GD15 was significantly lower than that in the normal group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In ARM embryos, an imbalance in the spatiotemporal expression of Cdx4 was noted during anorectal morphogenesis from GD13 to GD16. This suggests that ETU may cause downregulation of Cdx4 expression. Downregulation of Cdx4 at the time of cloacal separation into the primitive rectum and UGS might thus be related to the development of ARM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ethical approval was obtained from the University Animal Ethics Committee prior to the study. Procedures for generating ARMs in fetal rats are described in earlier reports [Bai et al, 2004]. Overall, 100 time-mated pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into an ETU-treated and a control group.…”

Section: Animal Model and Tissue Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Expression of Cdx4 in the Developing Anorectum of Rat Embryos with Ethylenethiourea-Induced Anorectal Malformations

Tang

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2014

Cells Tissues Organs

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“…These results are consistent with those of the present study as FGF-10 was mainly expressed in the dorsal URS and hindgut, which develops into the rectum. However, its role in the development of the CL, an important structure for normal anorectal morphogenesis in both rats and humans that separates it into the ventral UGS and dorsal hindgut [Bai et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2011], remains to be determined. Recent development of the novel FGF-10 iCre transgenic mouse line that permits inducible and conditional FGF-10 gene inactivation will be useful to determine its role in the early versus later stages of anorectal development [El Agha et al, 2012].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 in Human Hindgut and Anorectal Development

Yin¹,

Tang²,

Li³

et al. 2013

Cells Tissues Organs

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As fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF-10) gene expression may have a role in anorectal duct formation, this study aimed to assess the spatiotemporal expression pattern of FGF-10 during development of the rectum and hindgut in human embryos. FGF-10 expression was evaluated in human embryos (n = 85) at 3-8 weeks of gestation after immunohistochemical evaluation using antibodies specific for FGF-10. From weeks 4 to 7 of gestation, FGF-10 expression was observed primarily in the apical epithelium of the dorsal urorectal septum, the cloacal membrane (CM) and the hindgut. Following CM rupture (week 7), the epithelium of the anal canal was negative for FGF-10; however, it was present within the urothelium through week 7. FGF-10 expression during the development of the human hindgut and anorectum suggests that it may play a role in hindgut and anorectal morphogenesis.

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“…Sucking/rooting reflex, movement, color, anal and urethral openings and presence or absence of a malformation was assessed on newborn pups (15,16). In addition, eye and ear opening times, tooth eruption time and the time of descent of the testes were also recorded (17,18).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects Of Dimenhydrinate And Ondansetron Used In Pregnant Rats On Postnatal Morphometric Development

Desdicioğlu¹,

Cankara²,

Evcil³

et al. 2009

TUTFD

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Normal and abnormal embryonic development of the anorectum in rats

Cited by 52 publications

References 8 publications

Spatiotemporal Expression of <b><i>Cdx4</i></b> in the Developing Anorectum of Rat Embryos with Ethylenethiourea-Induced Anorectal Malformations

Spatiotemporal Expression of <b><i>Cdx4</i></b> in the Developing Anorectum of Rat Embryos with Ethylenethiourea-Induced Anorectal Malformations

Spatiotemporal Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 in Human Hindgut and Anorectal Development

Effects Of Dimenhydrinate And Ondansetron Used In Pregnant Rats On Postnatal Morphometric Development

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