Normal bacterial flora from vaginas of Criollo Limonero cows

Abstract

In order to describe the normal bacterial flora in vaginas of Criollo Limonero cows, 51 healthy multiparous cows, at least 90-day postpartum, were selected. Duplicated swabs (N = 102) were taken from the vaginal fornix of cows to perform aerobic and anaerobic cultures as well as conventional biochemical tests. Out of 102 swabs, bacterial growth was obtained in 55 (53.9%) while the remaining 47 (46.1%) did not exhibited any bacterial growth. Of the 55 bacterial growths, 23 (41.8%) were aerobic whereas 32 (58.1%) were anaerobic. Likewise, 29 (52.72%) of bacterial growths were pure and 26 (47.27%) were mixed. Under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, Gram positive bacteria were predominant (81.82% and 73.08%, respectively) over Gram negative bacteria (18.18% and 26.92%, respectively). Isolated bacteria were Arcanobacterium pyogenes (22.92%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.63%), Staphylococcus coagulase negative (17.71%), Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (6.25%), Bacteroides spp. (13.54%), and Peptostreptococcus spp. (7.29%). In conclusion, normal vaginal bacterial flora of Criollo Limonero cows was predominantly Gram positive and included A. pyogenes, S. aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococcus, E. rhusiopathiae, Bacteroides spp., and Peptostreptococcus spp. In Criollo Limonero cattle, adaptive aspects such as development of humoral and physical mechanisms for defense, and bacterial adaptation to host deserve research attention.

Effect of high‐fat diet and growth stage on the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota in healthy bovine livestock

“…Dominant bacteria phyla, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, for instance, in the 6‐month group were similar to those in the female parent group, indicating maternal influence on the gut microbiome. The first bacterial encounter occurs during the birthing process, where Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the predominant phyla in the vaginal cavity . Significant differences in the fecal flora structure indicated that fecal microbiome diversity after 6 months was changed unpredictably.…”

Promiscuity in mice is associated with increased vaginal bacterial diversity

“…An examination of vaginal bacterial community structure has been conducted in several species including humans (Ravel et al 2011; Jin et al 2007; Kim et al 2009), Rhesus macaques (Spear et al 2010), and Criollo Limonero cows (Zambrano-Nava et al 2010). These studies illustrate the differences in bacterial species composition across a functionally and anatomically similar structure.…”

Bacterial Genomics Reveal the Complex Epidemiology of an Emerging Pathogen in Arctic and Boreal Ungulates

“…Rare outbreaks with a large number of mortalities have involved avian hosts (Wolcott, 2007), or mice (Wayson, 1927), whereas mortalities in wild ungulates were previously limited to small numbers (Bruner et al, 1984; Campbell et al, 1994). Both cattle (Hassanein et al, 2003; Zambrano-Nava et al, 2011) and swine (Stephenson and Berman, 1978) can act as asymptomatic carriers, with E. rhusiopathiae isolated from tonsils, bone marrow (Spears, 1955), and other tissues at slaughter of apparently healthy animals, and it is also part of the normal vaginal flora of cattle (Zambrano-Nava et al, 2011). Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae appears to have a particular tropism for tonsils; tonsillar crypts are a likely port of entry and site for persistent infection in swine (Harada et al, 2013).…”