ZHONGYI DENG and DONALD E. IRISH. Can. J. Chem. 69, 1766 (1991).The structure of the solvated lithium cation in methyl acetate (MA) solutions has been investigated using Raman spectroscopy. Two bands at 844 and 864 cm-' have been assigned to two different types of MA: the former is from the bulk solvent and the latter arises from MA molecules solvating the lithium cation. From measurement of changes in intensity of these bands with increasing salt concentration a solvation number of four for Li+ in MA has been inferred. Changes in the Raman bands at ca. 1740 cm-' suggest that solvation occurs through the carbonyl group. Evidence for contact ion pairing between Li'and AsF; is also presented. An equilibrium between solvent-shared ion pairs and contact ion pairs is proposed for which an equilibrium constant is estimated. The system LiAsF,Imethyl formate (MF) is similar in structure.Key words: Raman, ion pair formation, lithium and hexafluoroarsenate ions, methyl acetate and formate, lithium ion solvation.
IntroductionThe search for new electrolyte-solvent systems capable of providing improved performance of both primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries is ongoing. Aprotic solvents, such as ethers, esters, amides carbonates, nitriles, and dimethyl sulfoxide, either alone or mixed, have received extensive study (1). Effort has been focused on overcoming the inferior conductivity of the electrolyte, relative to aqueous systems. Recently methyl formate (MF) and methyl acetate (MA) were identified as possible solvents (2-5). Conductance measurements (3-5) and, for MAILiAsF, and MALiClO,, microwave relaxation spectroscopy and some infrared spectra (5) have been reported. Solutions of MA have a surprisingly high conductance over a wide temperature range. Despite evidence for ion pairing, strong ion-solvent interactions were also suggested in these studies.Raman spectroscopy has proved to be a powerful technique for probing ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions. Recently Hyodo and Okabayashi studied local structure in LiClO,/EC (ethylene carbonate) and mixed solvent systems (6). We have reported Li' solvation in CH,CN solutions, and adsorption of the species at silver electrode surfaces (7). In anticipation of surface